2. Below is a short segment of a DNA molecule. Translate the DNA codon into MRNA.5'-TACCATGAGAATTGTGG TCACCTTITT-3'3'- ATGGTACTCTTAACACCAGTGGAAAA A-5'MRNA SequenceAmino Acid Sequence

The double-helical structure of DNA was transcribed into mRNA molecules and these mRNA molecules are…

Answered: 2. Below is a short segment of a DNA…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Finally, imagine that a mutation occurred in the codon below and an A was inserted between the two Ts. How would this affect the mRNA and the amino acid for that codon? Old DNA codon Old RNA codon Old amino acid New DNA codon New mRNA codon New amino acid T T G T A T G This would be an example of which type of a mutation?__________________________
Below is the CODING sequence of a gene. An A is inserted at position 131. Insert the variant and write the mature mRNA sequence. Then write the amino acid sequence of the resulting transcript. AGAGCTACCAGCTTTAGCGGGATATAAACACACTTATCCTACTATCCCTA 51 TCTTCCCCCAAAGAGGGATCATGCCGTCGACGGCCAAACCGATCGAGCGG 101 AGGTTAAGGGCCATTGGAAAAGGACACTCTGTACGACTAAGAAAATAGC 151 AGCGACTGAGCTGAACGCTACGGGGGGGGGGGTATATACCCCCCCCCCCC 201 CCAGCTACGAGCGACTTTTTATTTTTTTTTTTTATTTTTTTTCTTTTTTA 251 TTTTTTTTGTTTTTTTTTTTCGCGACTACAGAGACTTCTAGCGATCGACG 301 AGCTAGCTAGCGCGGCATCGGACGCGATCGCGATCCTAGACTCTACGAT
19. Predict the effect of a mutation that would alter the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence T / F Initiation of translation would probably be affected T / F Elongation of translation would be faster since ribosome will no longer stall at the SD sequence T / F mRNA levels maybe lower T / F replication would not be affected T / F RNA polymerase would not bind as efficiently
11. Draw the tRNAs on top of the following mRNA template. Make sure to include the anticodon and correct amino acid on each tRNA 5-A UGCC GUACCAGGAG-3¹
B. Below is a short segment of a DNA molecule. Transcribed the DNA codon into mRNA. Use your data sheet to find the sequence of the amino acids coded for. T A C C A T G A G A A T T G T G G T C A C C T T T T T – sense strand A T G G T A C T C T T A A C A C C A G T G G A A A A A – antisense strand mRNA: Amino acid: Question: 1. If the nucleotide at position 23 in the first strand of DNA is changed to "A", what effect would this have on the protein produced?
Label the 5’ and 3’ untranslated regions and the start and stop codons on your mRNA.
Now imagine that a mutation occurred in the second T of the codon below and the T became a G. How would this affect the mRNA and the amino acid for that codon? Old DNA codon Old RNA codon Old amino acid New DNA codon New mRNA codon New amino acid T T G T G G This would be an example of which type of a point mutation?__________________________
DNA ATG AGG 11 13 --UCA- MRNA 12 14 TRNA 10 Ser 15
Section 2: Protein Synthesis Protein synthesis is the process whereby a gene of interest is transcribed into a strand of mRNA, which is subsequently translated into an amino acid sequence that will ultimately fold into a functional and highly specific protein.
1. Draw a line representing mRNA that has already been processes (introns removed, cap and tail added). Label the 5' cap on left end and polyA tail. 2. An inch from the left add the start codon (AUG). 3. An inch from the right add one of the three stop codons. 4. Label the 5' UTR and 3' UTR (untranslated regions). 5. In the middle of your mRNA, draw two ovals representing the large and small subunits of the ribosome bound to the mRNA. Make these large enough that you can add the details below. In between the two subunits indicate the ribosomal A, P and E sites in the correct place. Put an arrow on top of ribosome to show direction of translation 6. Draw at least 3 tRNA on your picture in the correct locations: an empty one (no amino acid) exiting the ribosome, a charged tRNA with a small circle on the 3' end to indicate an amino acid, and a tRNA with several small circle representing amino acids in a chain (polypeptide). 7. Indicate the amino end of polypeptide with an “N”. (Remember…
D. The sequence of a eukaryotic gene is given below, where in boed an inset containing: 5'GA TTATGGAATTCACCTAT GATCGCAT GGCCATTGAACCT 3 3CTAATACETTAAGTGGATA CTAGCGTA CCGGTAACIT GGA 5 A. Write the sequence of the WRNA produced by its process of transcription and of wRNA that is transferred to ribosomes in order to produce the peptide B. A mutation has occured in the above gene. The GIC pair highlighted replaced by T/A. Cells that are homozygous for that mutation become Cancerous. Do think this gene is a you proto-oncogene? or a tumor suppressor gene and why? describes D₂. The following family tree is given which the way inheritance of a dease. It is noted that only one of its two persons generation I is heterozygous and that one of the individuals in subsequent generations exhibits unexpected Phenotype. Individuals II4 and III2 show its phenotype disease. The remaining individuals have normal phenotype. α
12. The following codons and the amino acids they encode is as follows: AUG = Met UUU, UUC = Phe UUA, UUG = Leu UCU, UCC = Ser CCU, CCC = Pro ACU, ACC = Thr %3D %3D The 5' - ACU-UUC-ACU-AUG-UUU-UUA-UCC-UCC-ACU-CCU-UGA-3' MRNA transcript results in a polypeptide. (a) Give the sequence of amino acids in the primary structure of the polypeptide. (3) (b) Give the sequence of nucleotides corresponding to this transcript in: (i) the DNA strand that was read to produce the MRNA (5) (ii) the DNA strand that was NOT read (the coding strand) (5) (c) How many distinct aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases would be used in the synthesis of this polypeptide? (1) (d) Name TWO characteristics of the genetic code that are evident in the data given in the question. (2)

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2. Below is a short segment of a DNA molecule. Translate the DNA codon into MRNA. 5'-TACCATGAGAATTGTGGTCACCTTTTT-3 3'- ATGGTACTCTTAACACCAGTGGAAAAA-5 MRNA Sequence Amino Acid Sequence