10. What are the steps involved in the ubiquitination of proteins? (select all that apply) a. E1 activates ubiquitin by hydrolyzing ATP to ADP and Pi to generate a thioester bond between ubiquitin C-terminus and an E1 Cysteine residue b. E1 activates ubiquitin by hydrolyzing ATP to AMP and PPI to generate a thioester bond between ubiquitin C-terminus and an E1 Cysteine residue c. E1 transfers activated ubiquitin to E2 enzymes through a transthioesterification reaction d. E2 enzymes directly add ubiquitin to substrate e. E2 enzymes directly add ubiquitin to HECT E3 Ligases f. E2 enzymes directly add ubiquitin to RING E3 Ligases g. E2 enzymes directly add ubiquitin to substrate bound to HECT E3 Ligases h. E2 enzymes directly add ubiquitin to substrate bound to RING E3 Ligases
Gene Interactions
When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.
Gene Expression
Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.
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