D Threonine 6. You have identified some intermediates in threonine synthesis: A, B, C, D and E. You grow a few of your mutants in the presence of these different intermediates to determine the order in which the gene products act. Below are your results. A (+) means growth and a (-) means no growth. Given these data, draw the best possible pathway for the synthesis of threonine. The diagram should use arrows to indicate one intermediate being changed to another intermediate. Indicate which gene produces the product responsible for the conversion by listing the mutant in that gene above the arrow. Mtl Mt2 Mt4 Mt7

D Threonine 6. You have identified some intermediates in threonine synthesis: A, B, C, D and E. You grow a few of your mutants in the presence of these different intermediates to determine the order in which the gene products act. Below are your results. A (+) means growth and a (-) means no growth. Given these data, draw the best possible pathway for the synthesis of threonine. The diagram should use arrows to indicate one intermediate being changed to another intermediate. Indicate which gene produces the product responsible for the conversion by listing the mutant in that gene above the arrow. Mtl Mt2 Mt4 Mt7

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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2. Selective synthesis of the tetrapeptide Ala-Val-Gly-Leu a. Work backward from Structure K to fill in the boxes in the multistep synthesis scheme below. Assume the desired product is purified after each reaction step. Boxes A, B, E, and H should each have a single amino acid with a protecting group. b. Provide names for each indicated structure, using 3-letter codes. The names do not have to take protonation state into account but should account for protecting groups. B R F name: G Boc- a Boc-amino acid name: K H₂N. OH name: 요 CF3 Start here and work backward -OEt an amino acid ethyl ester Ala-Val-Gly-Leu E H R R N=C=N N=C=N (EtOH) N=C=N R R NaOH (excess) R C name: D name: name: J name: над око CF 3 HO 요 CF3 c. Suppose that you wanted to synthesize Ala-Lys-Glu using this same multistep synthesis method. What problem would occur? Propose a conceptual idea (not specific reactions) of how the problem could be solved. (Hint: look up the functional groups present in these amino acid…
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Which of the following statements comparing the synthesis of pyrimidines vs. purines is correct? (A) Both types of nucleotides are formed by constructing the nitrogenous base step-by-step on a phosphorylated ribose foundation.(B) Aspartate serves as a nitrogen donor only for purines, while pyrimidines use only glutamine as a nitrogen donor. (C) Both pathways require the synthesis of 5-phophoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate.(D) During the de novo synthesis of both types of nucleotides, nucleosides are formed first and then phosphates are added to the 5’ carbon of ribose.(E) Ribonucleotide reductase is used to form dNTPs from pyrimidine NTPs but not purines.
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H2N 1.) Look carefully at this nucleotide: N: N- Но-Р-О OH a.) Number the carbons in the sugar group. (Remember the "prime" symbols.) b.) Is this a purine or a pyrimidine? How do you know? c.) Would this nucleotide be used for DNA or RNA? How do you know? (Be specific.) d.) Is this nucleotide ready to be used for DNA replication or RNA transcription? Why/why not? e.) If this nucleotide were incorporated into a growing DNA or RNA strand, where would the next added nucleotide be attached to this one?
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2. Phospholipases (PL) are enzymes that hydrolyzes PLA1 phospholipids into fatty acids and other lipophilic substances. Different class of phospholipase cleaves different bond in a phospholipid molecule. Shown on the right are the cleavage sites of four classes of PL: PLA1, PLA2, PLC, and PLD. R1 R2 -O-P-'·O-R3 (a) Write down the reaction of phosphatidylcholine (PC) cleaved by PLA2. Suppose the two acyl groups are R1 and R2 as shown in the figure. Make sure the chiral carbons in the reactions have the right stereochemistry (i.e., use wedge-dash notation), and the charges on the atoms reflect the molecule in neutral pH. PLA2 PLC PLD (b) Which PL is needed in order to release choline for salvage? (c) What is the structure and name of the remaining molecule after cleaving PC by the PL in (b) and releasing choline. No need to use wedge-dash notation. (d) The molecule in (c) can be used to synthesize triacylglycerol. Write down the reactions, including the enzymes and cofactors. Assume the…