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- 1. Glycosphingolipids function via cis regulation and trans recognition. Explain these terms and provide examples of each.3. Solve the sequence of an oligopeptide 7 residues long which gave: Asp Leu Lys Met Phe Tyr The following facts were observed: a. Trypsin treatment had no apparent effect b. The PTH derivative from Edman degradation was c. Brief chymotrypsin treatment yielded several products including but not limited to a dipeptide and a tetrapeptide. The amino acid composition of the tetrapeptide was Leu, Lys, and Met. d. Cyanogen bromide treatment yielded a dipeptide, a tetrapeptide, and a free Lys.3. Solve the sequence of an oligopeptide 7 residues long which gave: Asp Leu Lys Met Phe Tyr The following facts were observed: a. Trypsin treatment had no apparent effect b. The PTH derivative from Edman degradation was c. Brief chymotrypsin treatment yielded several products including but not limited to a dipeptide and a tetrapeptide. The amino acid composition of the tetrapeptide was Leu, Lys, and Met. d. Cyanogen bromide treatment yielded a dipeptide, a tetrapeptide, and a free Lys. Instructions Make use of the table below to determine the sequence of the mystery protein.
- 6) Proteins can be modified by phosphorylation, which adds a phosphate group to the hydroxyl group of serine, threonine, or tyrosine residues. The R-group for phosphoserine is shown at right. A) The image below is an Isoelectric focusing strip that shows the unphosphorylated protein-of-interest (in blue). To which side of the unphosphorylated protein would you expect to see the phosphorylated protein? (Draw an arrow to indicate direction). Briefly justify your answer. un-phosphorylatable: Low pH Justify: B) To study the effects of phosphorylation, researchers often mutate a Ser/Thr to appear as though it is always phosphorylated or never phosphorylated at a particular site. What amino acid substitution should you use to preserve similar dimensions as Ser (or Thr) but make the side chain appear to be: constitutively (always) phosphorylated: Justify: Ser or Thr → O O=P-O O I CH₂ Ser or Thr➜ Phosphoserine High pH. (a) Explain the biochemical basis for the fact that one can synchro- nize cell populations þy treating them with deoxythymidine. (b) Explain the apparent paradox that dATP at low concentrations is an activator of ribonucleotide reductase, whereas at higher concen- trations it becomes inhibitory.1. In the mechanism of action of triose phosphate isomerase, Lys12 is an essential amino acid in the flexible phosphate gripper loop that undergoes a large conformational change to trap the substrate in the active site excluding water and holding the phosphate group in the correct geometry for isomerization rather than dephosphorylation. What would be the effect of the mutation of Lys12 to the unusual amino acid shown below? Explain. protein backbone
- Briefly describe each of the following possible posttranslational protein modifications. Give an example of each. Cross-linkage glycosylation and phosphorylation cleavage assembly into polymeric proteins (> 1 polypeptide)wnich snows tne specinicity pockets. The S pocket nas a Ra glutamic acid in the bottom, the S2 pocket is small and hydrophobic, and the S,' pocket is deep and hydrophobic. Suggest a 3-amino acid sequence that this protease would R2 H cleave and indicate between which sites the peptide bond would be broken. S2 Which sequence would this protease cleave? Val-Lys-Phe Phe-Lys-Val Lys-Phe-Val Val-Phe-Lys Phe-Val-Lys O Lys-Val-Phe The peptide bond that is broken is between which sites? O S2 and S,' OS, and S,' O S2 and S1 O S2 and S1, and S and S,' IZ9. Shown below is a binding pocket for a protein with a ligand bound. The ligand interacts with a serine and a valine side chain. ligand a. Briefly explain, in terms of Ka, the effect of a mutation that replaces the serine residue with a valine residue. b. Briefly explain, in terms of Kd, the effect of a mutation that alters the ligand (as seen below) binding to the original, unmutated, binding site. :0: ligand 2
- 1. Consider the three-dimensional model of the tertiary structure of an enzyme below. Amino acids involved in binding are shaded blue, and amino acids involved in catalysis are shaded red. A. Suppose research has shown that amino acid 82 in the red shaded region is lysine, an amino acid with a positively-charged side chain. This lysine is critical for catalysis. Other studies have found that amino acids 12 and 62 in the blue region are both phenylalanine, an amino acid with a nonpolar side chain, and are critical for substrate binding. These amino acids are relatively close in the active site but are separated by 20-70 amino acids in the primary structure. Using what you know about protein structure, explain how amino acids separated in the primary structure can come close together in the active site. B. Use this information and figure 4.2 in your book to answer the following questions: Do you think changing amino acid 82, lysine, an amino acid with a positively-charged side…13. Amino acid analysis of a seven residue long peptide gave Asp Leu Arg Met | Phe Met | Phe | Tyr (i) The PTH amino acid derivative released by Edman degradation was Tyr-PTH (ii) Trypsin treatment had no effect (iii) Cyanogen bromide treatment yielded a dipeptide, a tetrapeptide, and free Arg (iv) Brief chymotrypsin treatment yielded several products, including a dipeptide and a tetrapeptide. The amino acid composition of the tetrapeptide was Leu, Arg, and Met What is the amino acid sequence of this seven residue long peptide, and explain how you reached that conclusion?2. 1. describe the structural features of protein transaminase/aminotransferases (primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary)? 2. identify the structural properties of transaminase/aminotransferases that are related to heat resistance or sensitivity and provided a plausible explanation?
