Lysozyme cleaves between NAG and NAM residues in bacterial cell walls and is, therefore, classified as a(an) O A. salt bridge, oxidoreductase B. peptide bond; hydrolase OC. glycosidic linkage; oxidoreductase O D. glycosidic linkage; hydrolase O E. peptide bond; transferase
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![Lysozyme cleaves
between NAG and NAM residues in bacterial cell walls and is, therefore, classified as a(an)
O A. salt bridge, oxidoreductase
O B. peptide bond; hydrolase
OC. glycosidic linkage; oxidoreductase
O D. glycosidic linkage, hydrolase
O E. peptide bond; transferase](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fe8a70da9-3c37-4c47-8924-ddb4ab2fe99b%2Fda93279a-ee15-44ff-b5bd-e1a611a1ef52%2Fc1tjovt_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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- The first step of the lysozyme reaction (catalytic mechanism) is shown in the figure below. Which statement regarding lysozyme is true? Glu 35 HO O(NAM) R (NAG) Asp 52 a. The local environment of Asp 52 significantly changes its pka. b. Glu 35 has an unusually low pKa due to its hydrophobic environment. c. Glu 35 provides acid/base assistance during catalysis. d. Glu 35 acts as a nucleophile during catalysis.mutate all of your D-form amino acids in your peptidoglycan peptide side chains to L forms. What have just done to your peptidoglycan? • A. You prevent lysozyme from being able to work • B. You prevent NAM and NAG from linking together C. You have made it susceptible to degradation by proteases • D. You prevent it from being flipped from the cytoplasm across the plasma membrane O E. Nothing, there is no difference between the L and D forms of amino acidsBeta-lactam antibiotics work by? O A. cleaving peptide side chains O B. preventing cross-linking of the peptide side chains by transpeptidase O C. cleaving the 1,4 beta-glycosidic bond between the NAM and NAG © D. inhibiting the action of bactoprenol O E. preventing peptidoglycan from being flipped to the external side of the plasma membrane
- 1) Therapeutic proteins such as human insulin are produced on a large scale in E. coli, however the proteins produced by the bacteria are not functional until disulfides bonds are chemically added. Why is this? O A. E. coli do not have an ER O B. E. coli don't have protein disulfide isomerase in their ER O C. E. coli don't have protein disulfide isomerase in their Golgi O D. E. coli don't have a GolgiA type Il beta turn has what residue as one of the four residues that make up the turn? OAP O B. G C.I O D.A O E. Q Once a substrate is bound to the active site, there are a variety of mechanisms that aid in the cleavage and formation of bonds. Thesa incudn. OA General acid base catalysis by amino acid side chains which can act as proton donors and acceptors. OB. Metal ion catalysis where tightly bound metal ligands can participate in cataus. Oc covalent catalysis where the enzyme forms transient covalent bonds with reactants and these bonds are later broken O D.all of the above E. only A and C The Ramachandran plot describes the peptide conformation by illustrating the position of the dihedral angles that can rotate following. OA side-chain steric hindrance B. restrictions imposed by secondary structure OC. main-chain clashes from the bulky carbonyl oxygen or amide nitrogen with other main-chain atoms or side-chains O D. All of the above E. None of the aboveMany enzymes are switched "on" by attachment of a phosphate group at a specific serine somewhere on the protein (phosphorylation). The basic reaction is: E + ATP2 Ep + ADP Po SERINE PHOSPHO SERINC (Note the "squiggles" before the backone amide and carbonyl indicate the polypeptide chain continues on either side of the serine). For phosphorylation to have this effect, there has to be some equilibrium between inactive and active forms conformations of the enzyme: [Eactive] [Einactive] Einactive 2 Eactive; K* The same basic equilibrium must exist for the phosphorylated protein: [Ep,active] [Ep,inactive] EP,inactive 2 Ep,active; Kp = (a) If phosphorylation increases the measured activity of the enzyme, is K* or K larger? Why? (b) Does the phosphorylation site need to be near the site where the enzyme binds its substrate (e.g. the reactant whose chemistry it catalyzes)? Why or why not?
- Please answer this step by step with a diagram showing how it happens.What amino acid residue of phosphoglucomutase is able to transfer the phosphoryl group to glucose 1-phosphate? A. phosphorylated serine residue B. acetylated lysine residue C. phosphorylated tyrosine residue D. phosphorylated lysine residue E. acetylated serine residue2
- 1. The diagram below represents some processes in oxidative phosphorylation. Which letter(s) represents the H* transfer? Y inner membrane NADH NAD matrix ADP • P АТР A. X only B. Y only W and Y D. Y and Z E. X, Y and Z С. 2. Which of the following peptides is coded by a DNA template with sequence 5' TCAGGCCGGGCT 3’? A. Ser-Gly-Arg-Thr B. Ser-Gly-Arg-Ala C. Ser-Pro-Ala-Arg D. Ser-Pro-Ala E. No peptide is coded Second letter U A UUU UCU UAU UGU Phe UUC UCC Tyr UAC UGC J Cys U UUA Ser UAA Stop UGA Stop A UAG Stop UGG Trp UCA Leu UUG UCG CCU CCC CAU 1 His CUU CGU CUC C CUA CGC CGA CÁC Leu Pro Arg ССА САА Gln CUG CCG CAG CGG AUU AAU AGU ACU ACC Asn Ser AUC lle AAC AGC Thr AUA ACA AAA AGA Arg AUG Met АCG AAG LyS AGG GUU GCU GAU GGU Asp GUC Val GUA GCC GAC GGC Ala Gly GCA GAA GGA GUG ) GCG Glu GAG. GGG Third letter UCAG UOAG DOA OUC AG First letterProtease enzymes cleave proteins by hydrolyzing peptide bonds. The strategy for each type of metalloprotease begins with generating a nucleophile that attacks the peptide bond that attacks the peptide carbonyl group. O Macmillan Learning On the basis of the information provided in the figure, show the next step in the mechanism for peptide-bond cleavage by a metalloprotease. Metalloproteases H R₁ HN Zn Enz 2+ R₂ Draw curved arrows on the pre-drawn structures to show the metalloprotease mechanism. If you need to reset the structures, click More followed by Reset Drawing. Select Draw Templates Groups More B - H Enz H H с R1 | : HN O | Zn 2+ B R2 N Zn Erase9. In which cellular compartments does mucin-type O-glycan biosynthesis occur in mammalian cells? Select all that apply. a. ER b. Golgi c. Plasma Membrane d. Mitochondria e. Nucleus 10. Identify the five nucleotide sugars NOT FOUND in animal cells. UDP-Glc UDP-GlcNAc UDP-Man UDP-Gal CMP-Fuc UDP-IdoA UDP-Xyl GDP-GalNAc CMP-Sia GDP-GlcA 11. Name at least two factors that determine glycan diversity during their biosynthesis. Availability of nucleotide sugars Expression of glycosyltransferases Nucleotide sugar biosynthetic enzymes The types and abundance of glycosyltransferases Flux through the ER and Golgi
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