. To find genes that are turned on or off in response tochanges in osmolarity (the total concentration of solutes in solution), you grow a culture of E. coli in amedium with high osmolarity and another culture in amedium with low osmolarity. You now performRNA-Seq analysis on each culture. It is possible thatosmotic changes may induce a general stress responsethat may be seen with other stresses as well (for example, heat shock). How could you distinguish thegenes that might be involved in a general stress response from those that are specific for the osmolaritychange? (Note: You will need to grow additional bacterial cultures.)

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Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.