Summative Essay

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SUMMATIVE ESSAY 1 Summative Essay Student name Course Name April 13, 2022

SUMMATIVE ESSAY 2 Summative Essay Introduction The role of leadership in relation to an organization's vision, mission, and strategy. The organization's leadership has a defined vision. Vision is something that leaders have. They comprise a vision and an arrangement that others want to share and follow [ CITATION Cal18 \l 1033 ]. The leadership vision extends beyond the formal mission statement of the company. The vision of leadership gives the leaders a place to work. This essay looks at the role of vision, principles, and inspirational motivation in the educational setting. There are two different and important parts. In the first part, the vision and values of Indian curriculum design will critically analyse in it. This part will define the term “leadership”, present argument on importance of effective school leadership, vision and value in the educational context and for curriculum in India and explain the leadership barriers to attaining curriculum vision in India. The second part will explore the vision, values and TL within primary education to promote active learning. It will explain transformational leadership (TL), “4Is”, strengths & limitations of TL, use of TL in primary education to promote active learning, its effectiveness and barriers. Part One Leadership Leadership can sometimes be regarded as headship, as in a formal position such as that of chairman, supervisor, or political figure. Even if a person lacks leadership abilities, they may be nominated to such a role [ CITATION For21 \l 1033 ]. Leadership is defined as the process of directing an individual's or a group's actions in order to attain goals in a particular environment. Influence can come from a formally or informally source. Leaders can arise from within a group as well as being identified and controlled. Individuals must utilise their leadership talents in a variety of settings, including educational institutions across the country, many sorts of organisations, and their own homes [ CITATION Lau19 \l 1033 ]. The basics of leadership, on the other hand, are the same for all leaders in all positions . The followers' enthusiastic behaviour is typically linked to leadership. Leadership does not even have to take place inside the structure of the organisational chart. To look at it another way, a great many people act as leadership without their role always being specified formally [ CITATION Ama15 \l 1033 ]. A leader is someone who has enough power to affect

SUMMATIVE ESSAY 3 long-term people’s attitudes and make such changes more acceptable. It is largely concerned with motivating people to carry out their employment responsibilities . Leadership is a critical component of all social efforts. In schools, talented leadership is very important to student achievement. School leadership has an impact on many elements of education, particularly instructional leadership, establishing the conditions and culture in which teaching and learning occurs, and connecting with the greater community. According to a recent research, without good school leadership, no school was able to increase student performance records [ CITATION Esc19 \l 16393 ] . This research confirms a direct link between effective “school leadership” and favourable student learning results. It's evidence that effective school leadership has a direct influence on kids' experiences and outcomes . Effective School Leadership The role of school leadership has garnered an extremely powerful policy popularity in England for over a century with the creation of a National College for the Leadership of Schools and Children’s Services (formerly NCSL), and an enhanced keep training, qualifying tournament and professional advancement for school administrators within a national certification program. Education leadership can help to foster a healthy school climate. It can also have an impact on a student's ability to study and succeed. Effective school leadership raises a lot of concerns regarding what constitutes effective leadership and how it is seen from various perspectives [ CITATION Tor21 \l 1033 ]. It's becoming much more frequently recognized as a critical component of long-term academic development. With the right leadership approach, school administrators may turn an ordinary school into a great one. Good head teachers, for example, provide a strong vision and sense of direction to the school. They make decisions based on what matters most to them. They keep personnel focussed on what counts rather than enabling them to be diverted and diverted by initiatives that have little to do with the children's job [ CITATION Nyk20 \l 1033 ]. Vision and values to educational context A person's vision might lead them in a specific path. A learner's ability to succeed in their journey of learning may be built on a foundation of strong self-awareness and a clear vision for their own destiny. If a person has a high level of self-awareness of the individual values that guide their decisions and behaviours, this will undoubtedly show up in the end- products of their learning journey. Simply expressed, a vision is the final goal — something we aspire to see in the future [ CITATION Özd11 \l 1033 ]. A school's vision establishes a

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SUMMATIVE ESSAY 4 clear picture of the institution's values and objectives. By expressing what the school is striving to achieve, all participants in the school community — teachers, kids, parents, and management – can work together in such a single direction toward development. By putting out the aims and values in broad strokes, school visions inspire and unify everyone, not just pupils. A vision statement provides explanation for each action as the school develops and evolves to best serve the students. Well-written vision and mission statements can aid schools in making challenging planning and resource choices . Values are internalized mental frames that influence judgments by evoking a sense of underlying principles of right and wrong, a sense of priorities, and a proclivity to make understanding of events and see connections. Values, like other cognitive categories, can be studied independently and collaboratively. Values are the things that matter to individuals. Priorities fluctuate from person to person [ CITATION Şah19 \l 1033 ]. In this case, values are the most effective. Values, according to some teacher candidates, are the foundation of society. They stressed that values are formed through a society's shared ideas, norms, and traditions. The values that drive the lives of teacher candidates are comparable in accordance with the definitions they assign to the idea of values and the values that influence their decision-making processes. There is a level of constancy. Values are something that may be taught and acquired. People are not born with a sense of values . Curriculum Vision for India and Supported Values In modern times, the Indian education system takes its values from the Indian Constitution. Education must negotiate within the framework of constitutional values while socialising pupils. The Indian Constitution envisioned a humane society founded on freedom, equality, and justice, and as a result, various organisations were created to carry out that vision. In this perspective, education has been viewed as a vehicle for social transformation, with the classroom serving as a shaper of the desired outcome. The vision statement is mentioned in Article 45 of the Constitution of India : Within 10 years after the start of this Constitution, the state should endeavour to offer universal health coverage education for all children until they attain retirement point of 14 [CITATION RCS16 \p 587 \l 16393 ]. Taking into account the achievements and shortcomings of education, as well as the current mood of the country and the technical and business upturn, we want to create a vision statement based on the faith that India will become a developed nation by 2020, with all

SUMMATIVE ESSAY 5 actions carried out in a predefined sequence [ CITATION Rao16 \l 1033 ]. The vision 2030 is policy-based and places the student at the centre of the globalised world. Only a competent education system with a defined goal and a time-bound roadmap would be able to achieve this . The National Education Policy (NEP), 2020 offers to be included in the coursework moral logic, conventional Indian value systems and kindness, tolerance, variety, diversity, virtuous behaviour, gender parity, deference to authority, respect for all persons and their natural skills irrespective of race are all basic human and democratic principles. Leadership Barriers There are various barriers to achieving India's curricular objective. Insufficient time to properly implement change, as well as contradictions between the curricular systems employed and the tacit curriculum inherent in university procedures and practises, were the two key barriers. The lack of time had a negative impact on every area of the project. Lack of money, mass illiteracy, brain drain, resource waste, obsolete syllabus, and other issues have hampered India's educational advancement [ CITATION Ayd17 \l 1033 ].Throughout execution, a second area of conflict arose between the new curriculum's ideology and practises and the implicit educational assumptions ingrained in current institutional structures and practises. Some of the obstacles were built into the formal procedures of organizational reporting systems in this setting. Another significant stumbling block is a lack of practical understanding. Actual information is generally disregarded in higher education institutions, while theory and literature receive a lot of attention. Some students miss what they learn after completing the examination leading to a shortage of real world experience. Part Two: A critical exploration of vision, values and TL to promote active learning in primary education Transformational leadership Leaders who try to produce new ideas and perspectives in order to place the organization on a new path of success and prosperity are referred to as transformational leaders. They mobilize people in an organization to make major changes in the group's cornerstones and underpinnings in order to be ready and gain necessary functions for moving in exciting directions and achieving higher optimum performance peaks by cultivating dedication, dedication, and loyalty among managers and supervisors. “Transformational

SUMMATIVE ESSAY 6 leadership” is regarded as one of the most important leadership styles for attaining competitive advantage via individual and organisational results [ CITATION Mir201 \l 1033 ]. TL efforts assist businesses improve their performance in a dynamic and unpredictable world. Firms can gain a competitive edge when TL features are integrated with other leadership activities. In terms of strategic competitiveness and creating superior short- and long-term earnings, utilizing this competitive edge might be tremendously useful. Indeed, without strong transformational leadership, a company's ability to address global economic issues and provide better and pleased outcomes is decreased. Individuals who want to be great transformational leaders must have a clear, precise, and motivating vision for their team's future. It is critical to maintain their vision, which articulates the organization's purpose in connection to the company and its objectives. Some of the major beliefs and abilities of the individuals they lead may be included into their mission. They can assist people in discovering how they can participate to their organization's goal after recognising and developing their purpose [ CITATION Che201 \l 1033 ].While the group they lead focuses on small actions that help them achieve their goals, transformational leaders spend more time studying their organization's vision and values. Transformational leaders must have a strong vision for what could be, which is significantly different from what is. Leaders include the whole school community in investigations and debates aimed at personal and professional growth, as well as openly discussing racism, equity, and accomplishment . ‘4Is’ of Transformational leadership Transformational leadership is a prevalent leadership theory nowadays. There are many diverse interpretations of what it is. The four basic elements of transformational leadership are known as the four I's. Firstly, idealised influence refers to leaders’ power to enhance level of loyalty, commitment and identifiers without focusing on the self-interest. These people are increasingly acknowledged by their peers because of the example they set for others. They achieve this through establishing a clear vision and a sense of belonging among workers, which encourages them to believe in the organization's long-term objectives and drives them to achieve their own [ CITATION Shr20 \l 1033 ]. Idealized influence is a word used to describe leaders who are great role models for their employees. Supporters may have faith in or respect for leaders who wield their power to make sound business decisions. Leaders are held to a high standard of morality and ethics. Second, motivating motivation refers to a leader's ability to instill in subordinates a vision that drives them to contribute to the organization's success. Transformational leaders encourage individuals to discover and

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SUMMATIVE ESSAY 7 construct new ideas for the firm and for themselves in a diverse and open environment. Leaders who inspire their followers to commit to and participate in the organizations shared purpose by setting high expectations for them [ CITATION ASu13 \l 1033 ] . Finally, intellectual stimulation refers to a leader's ability to inspire employees to be innovative and risk-takers. Furthermore, transformative leadership encourages followers to be more creative and imaginative by challenging their own views and ideals about the company. It also encourages followers to try out fresh, inventive ideas and methods for bringing about change inside a company. Finally, in individualized consideration, leaders work with subordinates or serve as a top-down authority motivator. Each follower has an individual relationship with the leader. Individual diversity in terms of ability and requirements are acknowledged. It is critical to listen to followers, delegate tasks, and develop the potential of followers. Strengths & limitations of TL Through collaboration, transformational leadership provides more fresh ideas and innovative solutions. In contrast to transactional managers, transformational leaders engage with their followers to make choices and solve problems by producing, assessing, and synthesising numerous suggestions and knowledge. In a school setting, transformational leadership transforms followers into leaders, elevates followers' fears from lower to higher level needs, inspire group to go beyond their self-interest for the benefit of the citizens, and points a vision of a needed outlook while effectively communicating change[ CITATION Raw211 \l 1033 ]. Transformational leadership has been extensively studied and is consistent with society's notion that leaders should present a vision. Transformational leadership prioritises the needs, ideals, and development of followers, emphasising the importance of organisational members' dedication and capabilities. Transformational leadership differs from top-down management in that it sets deeper goals for greater long-term transformation and moves away from managerial or transactional connections with employees . Unlike other forms of leadership, the employment of charisma in educational institutions may elicit powerful emotions, raising questions about the leader's moral and ethical difficulties [ CITATION Yas18 \l 1033 ]. The use of the leader's talents as a yardstick by which followers evaluate their own success is misleading, and it has a high risk of being exploited or leading to leadership failure. Although transformative leadership might be undemocratic and elitist, Alessa (2021) argues that it can also be participatory. Transformational leadership is viewed as a personality attribute that does not exist on a

SUMMATIVE ESSAY 8 continuum since it encompasses so many variables. This suggests that it is reliant on a single person, the school's principal[ CITATION Ghu21 \l 1033 ]. This technique has a number of drawbacks, including the importance of influence, the neglect of details, severe pressure on team members, and the risk and time demands of the leadership style. Some transformative executives overlook whether the planned change is appropriate for the company's current stage of development. As a result, they take risks that might lead to the demise of the company . Use of Transformational leadership to promote active learning in primary education According to Hamdani (2018), “transformational leadership”, in recent years, scholarly circles have focused on it as a modern style of leadership with current meaning.The notion of school leaders' transformative leadership is a development of educational thought. By stimulating their high-level demands, a school leader who practises transformational leadership aims to improve teachers' understanding of the necessity of completing the work of education[ CITATION Shu191 \l 1033 ]. The goal is to create a climate of mutual trust between school leaders and teachers, and to encourage teachers to put the school's growth ahead of their own by committing themselves to surpassing their schools educational performance objectives. Differentiated instruction refers to any type of education in which all students are encouraged to participate in learning activities. In contrast to "conventional" approaches of education, in which students are passive consumers of knowledge from an expert, active learning involves students actively participating in the learning process [ CITATION Mah221 \l 1033 ]. Teachers who employ a progressive philosophy of teaching (that is, allowing students to draw on their own knowledge and encouraging knowledge acquisition through incentives and discussion) are thought to be more reliable than those who employ a transformational attitude (i.e., traditional information transmission through lecture). In the classroom, leadership theory is based on admiration, inspiration; empowerment, and mental challenge, hence transformational teachers almost always have a progressing rather than a transformational teaching philosophy[CITATION Pol211 \l 1033 ]. Students' opinions of their instructors' transformational leadership will be favourably related to their instructors' credibility, which includes their competency, kindness, and integrity . Transformational leadership Effectiveness Transformational leadership is essential in higher education to achieve the necessary changes in order to meet the ever-changing external and internal environment. The

SUMMATIVE ESSAY 9 introduction of entrepreneurship to the public sector is one of the important drivers. Higher education institutions are working hard to adapt to changes in their economic and organisational environments [CITATION Ria18 \l 1033 ]. This is supported by the declining support of traditional college financing sources over the previous two decades. As a result, the primary goal of the short-term and daily concentration has switched away from teaching students and toward institutional corporate development. The transformational leaders sharpen their staff’s abilities and expand their understanding using their own expertise. This method can assist school administrators in becoming exceptional leaders. According to Nurtjahjani and Noermijati (2019), transformational leadership includes seven aspects in the educational setting. It addresses the school's vision and goals for self-development, intellectual stimulation, customised support, showcasing the organization's best practises and values, setting high academic standards, developing a productive school culture, and supporting involvement in decision-making. Followers will be more motivated and perform better as a result of transformational leadership. In universities, deans or rectors are the leaders in this regard, whereas professors are the followers [ CITATION Ful19 \l 1033 ] . Positive improvements are brought about by transformational leadership because it allows authority to be transferred so that lecturers may work and utilise their expertise to complete their responsibilities effectively and satisfy themselves in terms of performance and productivity [ CITATION War18 \l 1033 ]. “Transformational leadership” is a model of educational reform that helps young people overcome prejudice and poverty. This transformation in educational leadership also motivates and inspires instructors to provide a rich and engaging learning environment for their students . Barriers to effective TL The subordinates identified two barriers: reluctance to change and a lack of collaboration. The subordinates said that having a more powerful boss was beneficial because he or she served as a mentor and coach, assisting them in their professional development and issue resolution. They also believed that empowering leaders had barriers; such as giving subordinates too much authority, providing insufficient instruction, or becoming too intimate with them[ CITATION Shr20 \l 1033 ]. Transformational leadership may assist a business by encouraging a more structured laboratory with improved customer happiness, production, and performance. The dearth of reading resources in both languages is also a major impediment to language instruction and learning in schools. The lack of consistency and coordination in the implementation of the strategy adds to the resource shortage issue. These are significant

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SUMMATIVE ESSAY 10 considerations that administrators must make, and they will have a significant impact on the policy's performance in the schools. The school's lack of qualified teachers jeopardises coherence and long-term regulated learning. According to Suresh and Rajini (2013), transformational leaders must lead the Higher Education Institutions to which they have been assigned from their current state to a future one that will result in the desired transformation under excellent education. However, this poses a number of transformative issues. Since they are source of motivation and change makers, transformational leaders are ecstatic about their goals. This is an effective way for them to communicate with their employees and supporters. This, on the other hand, might be a justification for them to ignore the real difficulties as well as the facts. It's because they're the sort of people that thrive on excitement and believe that if everyone joins the movement, everything is possible.[ CITATION Raw211 \l 1033 ]. These might act as a roadblock for these leaders when it comes to conducting research or digging deeper into the topic. Transformational leadership concentrates and focuses on specific potentials and requirements in the development of subordinate professions. Talents, skills, and knowledge increase a leader's confidence and create a favourable impression on the instructor. Conclusion In conclusion, leadership is a critical component of all social efforts. Without good school leadership, no school was able to increase student performance records. Successful school leadership raises a lot of concerns regarding what constitutes effective leadership and how it is seen from various perspectives. It's becoming more widely recognised as the key to long-term educational development. A school's vision establishes a clear picture of the company's values and objectives. By expressing what the school is striving to achieve, all stakeholders in the community — teachers, students, families, and administration – can work with each other in a unified direction toward development. Internalized cognitive frames called values influence judgments by evoking a sense of underlying principles of right and wrong, as well as a sense of values. The Indian Constitution envisioned a humane society founded on freedom, equality, and justice, and as a result, various organisations were created to carry out that vision. In this perspective, education has been viewed as a vehicle for social transformation, with the classroom serving as a shaper of the desired outcome. There are various barriers to achieving India's curricular objective. Insufficient time to properly implement change, as well as contradictions between the curricular systems employed and the tacit curriculum inherent in university procedures and practises, were the two key

SUMMATIVE ESSAY 11 barriers. Transformational leaders spend more time studying their organization's vision and values. These leaders must have a strong vision for what could be, which is significantly different from what is. TL has the benefit of providing more new ideas and creative remedies through cooperation. In recent years, intellectual circles have focused on this leadership with current meaning.

SUMMATIVE ESSAY 12 References Alessa, G. S. (2021). The Dimensions of Transformational Leadership and Its Organizational Effects in Public Universities in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review. Frontiers in Psychology . Amanchukwu, R. N., Stanley, G. J., & Ololube, N. P. (2015). A Review of Leadership Theories, Principles and Styles and Their Relevance to Educational Management. Management, 5 (1), 6-14. Aydin, H., & Ozfidan, B. (2017). Meeting the Challenges of Curriculum and Instruction in School Settings in the United States. Journal of Social Studies Education Research, 8 (3), 76-92. Caldwell, C., & Ndalamba, K. K. (2018). Leadership vision as a moral duty. Journal of Management Development, 37 (25). Chen, Y., Ning, R., & Yang, T. (2018). Is transformational leadership always good for employee task performance? Examining curvilinear and moderated relationships. Frontiers of Business Research in China . Cortellazz, L., Bruni, E., & Zampieri1, R. (2019). The Role of Leadership in a Digitalized World: A Review. Frontiers in Psychology . Eschoolnews. (2019). What Is Good Leadership in Schools? Retrieved from Eschoolnews: https://www.eschoolnews.com/2019/06/25/what-is-good-leadership-in-schools/ Ford, J. D., Ford, L. W., & Polin, B. (2021). Leadership in the Implementation of Change: Functions, Sources, and Requisite Variety. Journal of Change Management, 21 (1), 1- 33. Hasbi, H. (2018). Leader Vision for Effective Leadership. Journal Polingua Scientific Journal of Linguistics Literature and Education, 1 (1), 18-22. Kılınç, A. Ç. (2021). The Moderation Role of Transformational Leadership in the Effect of Instructional Leadership on Teacher Professional Learning and Instructional Practice: An Integrated Leadership Perspective. Educational Administration Quarterly, 57 (5).

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SUMMATIVE ESSAY 13 Lin, C.-C., & Lu, S.-C. (2020). Transformational Leadership and Job Performance: The Mediating Role of Work Engagement. SAGE Open . Mirzania, A., & Astari, S. (2020). The importance of a transformational leadership model in managing organizational culture. Journal of Leadership in Organizations, 2 (1). Nurtjahjani, F., & Noermijati, N. (2019). Transformational Leadership in Higher Education: (A Study in Indonesian Universities). Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research . Nykiel, A., & Lock, G. (2020). The role of leadership in establishing a positive staff culture in a secondary school. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 48 (5). Özdem, G. (2011). An Analysis of the Mission and Vision Statements on the Strategic Plans of Higher Education Institutions. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 11 (4), 1887-1894. Polatcan, M., & Kılınç, A. Ç. (2022). How transformational leadership influences teachers' commitment and innovative practices: Understanding the moderating role of trust in principal. Educational Management Administration and Leadership . Rao, M. (2016). Tools and techniques to ensure innovative management education in India. Industrial and Commercial Training, 48 (5). Rawashdeh, A. M., & Alhyasat, E. B. (2021). Examining the effect of transformational leadership to organizational performance through quality innovation: a developing country perspective. International Journal for Quality Research, 15 (1), 353-368. Riaz Hamdani, M. (2018). Learning how to be a transformational leader through a skill- building, role-play exercise. The International Journal of Management Education, 16 (1), 26-36. Şahin, Ü. (2019). Values and Values Education As Perceived By Primary School Teacher Candidates. International Journal of Progressive Education, 15 (3). Sharma, R. C. (2016). Industrial relations and labour legislation. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. Shrestha, M. (2020). Transformational leadership and its dimensions: contributions in organizational change among schools. BSSS Journal of Management, 11 (1), 112-130.

SUMMATIVE ESSAY 14 Suresh, A., & Rajini, J. (2013). Transformational leadership approach in organisations -its strengths and weaknesses. International Journal of Social Science & Interdisciplinary Research , 155-160. Torrance, D., & Woods, P. A. (2021). Constructions and purposes of school leadership in the UK. School Leadership and Management, 41 (3), 1-19. Wang, S. (2019). School heads’ transformational leadership and students’ modernity: the multiple mediating effects of school climates. Asia Pacific Education Review , 329– 341. Warlizasusi, J., Supriyati, Y., & Karnati, N. (2018). The Effect of Transformational Leadership, Self Efficacy and Self Learning toward Lecturers Job Performance at STAIN Curup Rejang Lebong Regency of Bengkulu Province. International Journal of Scientific Research and Management, 6 (7), 486-496.

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