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University of Texas *
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336
Subject
Management
Date
Jun 18, 2024
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INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES:
What are the two major determinants of individual behavior? When is each factor relatively more
important in predicting individual behavior?
-
The two determinants are situation and person. If the situation is strong, then the
situation is a stronger determinant of the person.
-
Strong situation: red light b/c everyone will react the same. Weak citation: yellow light
b/c behavior will vary person to person.
What are the 4 facets of situational strength? If a particular situation is described to you, be able
to diagnose whether it is a weak or a strong situation and which facet is most relevant in that
situation.
-
Clarity: cues about expected behaviors are available and interpretable.
-
Consistency: cues regarding how to act are self-reinforcing and not conflicting
-
Constraints: the extent to which an individual is not inhibited by outside forces
-
Consequences: the extent of which the implications for an individual’s behavior
Which is the most important individual difference in predicting job performance? Is this factor
likely to matter more for jobs that have relatively simple tasks or relatively complex tasks? Why?
-
General mental ability/intelligence is the single largest predictor of individual job
performance. This factor is likely to matter more for jobs that have relatively complex
tasks as simple tasks shouldn’t require a lot of intelligence.
How much variation in performance can be predicted by personality? How much variation in
individual performance can be explained by cognitive ability?
-
Cognitive ability can explain about 25% of the variance in job performance. Personality
can explain about 10-15% of the variance in job performance.
Describe one similarity and one difference between the concept of self-efficacy and the concept
of internal locus of control.
-
One similarity between the concept of self-efficacy and internal locus of control is that
they both deal with behavior of job performance. One difference is that self-efficacy is
before job performance, it predicts how hard one is to work based on their goals, while
locus of control is after job performance, it shows how one would act if they fail.
What are some flaws with using personality tests during the hiring process? Describe three
flaws with the MBTI as a personality assessment.
-
Three flaws with the MBTI as a personality test is 1) it is missing a personality
dimension, 2) it’s not very reliable as outcomes are different, and 3) it’s unable to
predict important outcomes.
Define each of the Big 5 Factors of personality. Imagine you are a hiring manager and due to
time limitations you can only assess one out of the Big 5 personality traits. Based on a job
description, be able to choose the most relevant personality trait.
-
Openness to experience: the extent to which someone seeks new experiences and is
tolerant of change
-
Conscientiousness: how an individual approaches goals
-
Extraversion: the degree to which a person can tolerate sensory stimulation from
people and situations
-
Agreeableness: the degree to which we take other’s opinions into account
-
Neuroticism: how we respond to stress/negative experiences
If someone’s behavior is described, be able to correctly identify the Big 5 personality trait that is
being demonstrated.
For the most part, there is no universally beneficial personality trait. But there is one exception.
Which Big 5 personality trait tends to be uniformly helpful across a variety of jobs? What
outcomes does this personality predict?
-
Conscientiousness tends to be uniformly helpful across a variety of jobs as it predicts
how effective one is in their job.
What are the two types of fit that matter when it comes to personality?
-
Person-job fit and person-person fit.
What is a work attitude? Why are work attitudes important? What are two examples of
widely-studied work attitudes and how are they different from each other?
-
A work attitude refers to our opinions, beliefs, and feelings about aspects of our
environment. Work attitudes are important because they have the greatest potential to
influence our behavior. Two examples of work attitudes are job satisfaction and
organizational commitment. They are different from each other as job satisfaction
refers to the feelings people have toward their job, while organizational commitment is
the emotional attachment people have toward the company they work for.
What are organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) and how are they different from job
performance? What factors predict OCBs? How do these factors differ from the factors that are
most predictive of job performance?
-
Organizational citizenship behaviors are voluntary behaviors employees perform to
help others and benefit the organization. It differs from job performance as it does not
depend so much on one’s general mental abilities. How we are treated, our
personality, job attitudes, and age are factors that predict OCBs. These factors differ
from the factors that are most predictive of job performance, as they don’t include
mental ability and stress.
What are the three components that enable creativity? Which component of creativity can
managers most easily influence? What are some practices or techniques for boosting this
component of creativity?
-
The three components that enable creativity are fluency, flexibility, and originality.
Managers can most easily influence fluency. Brainstorming and setting high idea quotas
are popular methods for boosting this component of creativity.
MOTIVATION:
Describe Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and identify two limitations of the theory.
-
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is based on a simple premise: human beings have needs
that are hierarchically ranked, which go from psychological → safety → social →
esteem → and self actualization needs. So once, the basic lower needs are satisfied, it
no longer serves as a motivator. Two limitations of the theory are: only one need is
dominant at a given time and that once a need is satisfied, it no longer serves as a
motivator. Someone can want both psychological and safety needs at the same time.
What is the two-factor model of motivation? How do the cases of Lincoln Electric or Google
undermine the model?
-
The two-factor model of motivation includes hygiene factors and motivators. Hygiene
factors included company policies, supervision, working conditions, salary and security.
Motivators included achievement, recognition, interesting work, increased
responsibility, advancement and growth.
What is McClelland's theory of motivation? How is it fundamentally different from all other
models of motivation? What is the implication of this distinction for how leaders should manage
employees?
-
According to McClelland’s needs theory of motivation, individuals acquire three types
of needs as a result of their life experiences; the needs for achievement, the needs for
affiliation, and the need for power. This is fundamentally different from all other models
of motivation as the Thematic Apperception Test is used to assess the dominant need.
The implication of this distinction for how leaders should manage employees is that
they need to understand the dominant needs of their employees to be able to motivate
them.
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Related Questions
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Type B personality
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Blame is the discharging of discomfort and pain
Blame has an inverse relationship with accountability
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Please provide one example for each of the attitudes as predictions of behavior IN DETAIL
These examples must be a different than the ones on the definition below
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Lesson 2: (Behaviour , personality and value)
Briefly state what is MARS model
What do you understand by `someone personality can be shaped by both nurture and nature`(brief explanation)
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Identify Potentially Bad Attitudes
A positive approach represents a willingness to accept developmental feedback, to try and suggest new ideas, and to maintain a positive attitude at work. Maintaining a positive approach can be a difficult task for managers—it is easy for managers to allow negative attitudes and behaviors to get the best of them during difficult times at work. This activity is important because a knowledge of potentially bad attitudes helps managers to recognize and replace these attitudes and behaviors with more positive ones.
The goal of this exercise is to challenge your knowledge of potentially bad attitudes that can derail a positive approach.
For each person, determine which potentially bad attitude his or her behavior best exemplifies. If a person’s behavior does not characterize a bad attitude, select “Does not represent a bad attitude.”
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Which of the following are examples of problem-focused cognitive coping strategies?
working harder and seeking assistance
seeking support and venting anger
avoiding, distancing, and ignoring
self-motivation and changing priorities
reappraising and looking for the positive in the negative
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Your manager pays extra attention to you over the other employees. He always says “you remind me of myself when I was your age.” Which shortcuts to judging others is in the above example?
The horns effect
The halos effect
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O True
O False
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What is a situational example of a conflict an employee can encounter in a business that he/she works at?
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4 - "The expression of a unique whole of mental, emotional, and behavioral patterns that affect how an individual reacts to situations and interacts with other individuals. "
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Protect your life with positivity
NIH-funded scientists are working to better understand the links between your attitude and your body. They’re finding some evidence that emotional wellness can be improved by developing certain skills. Having a positive outlook doesn’t mean you never feel negative emotions, such as sadness or anger, says Dr. Barbara L. Fredrickson, a psychologist and expert on emotional wellness at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. “All emotions—whether positive or negative—are adaptive in the right circumstances. The key seems to be finding a balance between the two,” she says.
“While earlier research suggests an association between positive emotions and health, it doesn’t reveal the underlying mechanisms,” says Dr. Richard J. Davidson, a neuroscientist at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. “To understand the mechanisms, I think it will be crucial to understand the underlying brain circuits.”
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What, « flaws » do you detect in Biff’s and Happy’s attitudes and personality?
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What are the main components of Attitudes?
Does Behavior always follow from attitudes? Why or why not. Discuss the factors that affect whether behavior follows from attitudes.
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29)
can be best described as the ability to manage emotions and interpersonal
relationships.
A) Emotional intelligence
B) Emotional maturity
C) Emotional contagion
D) Emotional perception
30)
Which of the following terms best describes the quality of recognizing one's emotions
and how they affect others?
A) Self-discipline
B) Self-regulation
C) Self-motivation
D) Self-awareness
31)
Which of the following terms best describes the ability to control emotions and maintain
integrity?
A) Self-motivation
B) Self-awareness
C) Self-regulation
D) Self-actualization
32)
Which of the following terms best describes the quality in people who strive to meet
goals and improve themselves?
Version 1
10
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Is supporting a group decision you don’t completely agree with always a case ofgroupthink? Explain your answer
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Positive affectivity is a dispositional tendency to?
A.) experience pleasant, engaging moods such as enthusiasm, excitement, and elation.
B.) experience unpleasant moods such as hostility, nervousness, and annoyance.
C.) obtain power and influence within a social structure as a means of expressing personality.
D.) obtain acceptance in personal relationships as a means of expressing personality.
E.) accomplish task-related goals as a means of expressing personality.
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Enumerate some jobs/ work you may know that uses display of emotions that may not reflect the true emotions of the worker or the job holder. Cite at least 5 and describe the situation or setting
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