MAN study guide

.pdf

School

University of Texas *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

336

Subject

Management

Date

Jun 18, 2024

Type

pdf

Pages

8

Uploaded by UltraBoar3707

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES: What are the two major determinants of individual behavior? When is each factor relatively more important in predicting individual behavior? - The two determinants are situation and person. If the situation is strong, then the situation is a stronger determinant of the person. - Strong situation: red light b/c everyone will react the same. Weak citation: yellow light b/c behavior will vary person to person. What are the 4 facets of situational strength? If a particular situation is described to you, be able to diagnose whether it is a weak or a strong situation and which facet is most relevant in that situation. - Clarity: cues about expected behaviors are available and interpretable. - Consistency: cues regarding how to act are self-reinforcing and not conflicting - Constraints: the extent to which an individual is not inhibited by outside forces - Consequences: the extent of which the implications for an individual’s behavior Which is the most important individual difference in predicting job performance? Is this factor likely to matter more for jobs that have relatively simple tasks or relatively complex tasks? Why? - General mental ability/intelligence is the single largest predictor of individual job performance. This factor is likely to matter more for jobs that have relatively complex tasks as simple tasks shouldn’t require a lot of intelligence. How much variation in performance can be predicted by personality? How much variation in individual performance can be explained by cognitive ability? - Cognitive ability can explain about 25% of the variance in job performance. Personality can explain about 10-15% of the variance in job performance. Describe one similarity and one difference between the concept of self-efficacy and the concept of internal locus of control. - One similarity between the concept of self-efficacy and internal locus of control is that they both deal with behavior of job performance. One difference is that self-efficacy is before job performance, it predicts how hard one is to work based on their goals, while locus of control is after job performance, it shows how one would act if they fail. What are some flaws with using personality tests during the hiring process? Describe three flaws with the MBTI as a personality assessment.
- Three flaws with the MBTI as a personality test is 1) it is missing a personality dimension, 2) it’s not very reliable as outcomes are different, and 3) it’s unable to predict important outcomes. Define each of the Big 5 Factors of personality. Imagine you are a hiring manager and due to time limitations you can only assess one out of the Big 5 personality traits. Based on a job description, be able to choose the most relevant personality trait. - Openness to experience: the extent to which someone seeks new experiences and is tolerant of change - Conscientiousness: how an individual approaches goals - Extraversion: the degree to which a person can tolerate sensory stimulation from people and situations - Agreeableness: the degree to which we take other’s opinions into account - Neuroticism: how we respond to stress/negative experiences If someone’s behavior is described, be able to correctly identify the Big 5 personality trait that is being demonstrated. For the most part, there is no universally beneficial personality trait. But there is one exception. Which Big 5 personality trait tends to be uniformly helpful across a variety of jobs? What outcomes does this personality predict? - Conscientiousness tends to be uniformly helpful across a variety of jobs as it predicts how effective one is in their job. What are the two types of fit that matter when it comes to personality? - Person-job fit and person-person fit. What is a work attitude? Why are work attitudes important? What are two examples of widely-studied work attitudes and how are they different from each other? - A work attitude refers to our opinions, beliefs, and feelings about aspects of our environment. Work attitudes are important because they have the greatest potential to influence our behavior. Two examples of work attitudes are job satisfaction and organizational commitment. They are different from each other as job satisfaction refers to the feelings people have toward their job, while organizational commitment is the emotional attachment people have toward the company they work for. What are organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) and how are they different from job performance? What factors predict OCBs? How do these factors differ from the factors that are most predictive of job performance? - Organizational citizenship behaviors are voluntary behaviors employees perform to help others and benefit the organization. It differs from job performance as it does not
depend so much on one’s general mental abilities. How we are treated, our personality, job attitudes, and age are factors that predict OCBs. These factors differ from the factors that are most predictive of job performance, as they don’t include mental ability and stress. What are the three components that enable creativity? Which component of creativity can managers most easily influence? What are some practices or techniques for boosting this component of creativity? - The three components that enable creativity are fluency, flexibility, and originality. Managers can most easily influence fluency. Brainstorming and setting high idea quotas are popular methods for boosting this component of creativity. MOTIVATION: Describe Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and identify two limitations of the theory. - Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is based on a simple premise: human beings have needs that are hierarchically ranked, which go from psychological → safety → social → esteem → and self actualization needs. So once, the basic lower needs are satisfied, it no longer serves as a motivator. Two limitations of the theory are: only one need is dominant at a given time and that once a need is satisfied, it no longer serves as a motivator. Someone can want both psychological and safety needs at the same time. What is the two-factor model of motivation? How do the cases of Lincoln Electric or Google undermine the model? - The two-factor model of motivation includes hygiene factors and motivators. Hygiene factors included company policies, supervision, working conditions, salary and security. Motivators included achievement, recognition, interesting work, increased responsibility, advancement and growth. What is McClelland's theory of motivation? How is it fundamentally different from all other models of motivation? What is the implication of this distinction for how leaders should manage employees? - According to McClelland’s needs theory of motivation, individuals acquire three types of needs as a result of their life experiences; the needs for achievement, the needs for affiliation, and the need for power. This is fundamentally different from all other models of motivation as the Thematic Apperception Test is used to assess the dominant need. The implication of this distinction for how leaders should manage employees is that they need to understand the dominant needs of their employees to be able to motivate them.
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help