Khelil_101258560_Report2 (1)

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Chemistry

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Oct 30, 2023

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Report 2: Infrared Spectroscopy Chem 2203 Ali Khelil 101258560

Results: Table 1. Recorded peaks and regions from the experimental and literature IR spectra of salicylic acid. Experimental values were found from the experiment and the literature data was found from the SDBS database. Functional groups Experimental peak (cm -1 ) Literature peak (cm -1 ) C=O (carboxylic acid) 1659 1662 C-H 2900-3000 2864-3013 C=C (aromatic) 1484 and 1445 1484 and 1447 O-H 3239 3240 Discussion: The purpose of this experiment was to prepare a KBr pellet sample for a spectrometers analysis. An interpretation of the infrared spectrum of salicylic acid made from the first lab was done to get analyzed. This experiment shows how effective the recrystallization process was by evaluating the IR spectrum of the sample and comparing it to the literature value. Bonds have vibrational energy in multiple ways. The bonds can also bend and stretched in several ways. The energy gap between the vibrational energy levels depends on the bond itself which helps differentiate what bond type it is. Each type of bond will absorb a characteristic frequency which helps determine what type of bonds are present in a compound. We simply irradiate the compound with all frequencies of IR radiation and then detect which frequencies were absorbed in this way. IR spectroscopy can be used to identify the presence of functional groups in a compound. In an IR spectrometer, a sample is irradiated with frequencies of IR radiation, and the frequencies that pass through are detected. A plot is then constructed showing which frequencies were absorbed by the sample. A factor that could influence the IR absorption frequency would be the mass of the 2 atoms. The bigger the mass of the atom the lower the IR frequency would be that the bond would absorb. Looking at the experimental results of the recorded peaks you could see that the experimental peaks for C=O is 1659 cm -1 , the peak for C-H is between 2900-3000 cm -1 , the peak for C=C is 1484 cm -1 and 1445 cm -1 , and the peak for O-H is 3239 cm -1 . When comparing the experimental values to the literature values, its observed that the values are almost identical to one another meaning that the salicylic acid compound is very pure. The fingerprint regions are identical to each other meaning that the compound is indeed salicylic acid and beyond the fingerprint region the values were almost identical meaning that the recrystallization from lab 1 was near perfect and the compound is indeed pure. Alternate ways to purify compounds are distillation which separates the liquid by their difference in boiling points, and chromatography which continuously absorbs and desorbs on a solid to purify multiple components. Other chemical analysis methods that could be used to further verify that the compound obtained is what was desired is electrophoresis. Electrophoresis is a technique used to separate compound based on the size and electrical charge.

Conclusion: The purpose of this experiment was to prepare a KBr pellet sample for a spectrometers analysis. An interpretation of the infrared spectrum of salicylic acid made from the first lab was done to get analyzed. Looking at the experimental results of the recorded peaks you could see that the experimental peaks for C=O is 1659 cm -1 , the peak for C-H is between 2900-3000 cm -1 , the peak for C=C is 1484 cm -1 and 1445 cm -1 , and the peak for O-H is 3239 cm -1 . The purpose of comparing the experimental value to the literature value was complete and observed as the compound being almost identical and pure to its literature value.

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References: Klein, D. Organic Chemistry; Wiley, 2020. White, C. A. (2023). Chem 2203/2204 Organic Chemistry Laboratory Manual 2023-2024. Carleton University. Laachi, N. rep.; Nabil Laachi, 2010; pp 1–50. Spectral Database for Organic Compounds, DBS. https://sdbs.db.aist.go.jp/sdbs/cgi- bin/direct_frame_top.cgi (accessed 2023-10-15). Separation and Purification Section: Summary of Initial Activities February 1966 through June 1967; U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Bureau of Standards: Gaithersburg, Maryland, 1968; p. 3. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GOVPUB-C13- 7b4ff3da0d04afe8481223e5b2c76212/pdf/GOVPUB-C13-7b4ff3da0d04afe8481223e5b2c76212.pdf (accessed 2023-10-15).