Test Your Knowledge worksheet- Bailee Perdue

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Florida State College at Jacksonville *

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2020C

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Chemistry

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Oct 30, 2023

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2

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Macromolecule Monomer Elements Present Function Examples Carbohydrates Monosaccharides C, H, O Energy source, storage, structural support, cell recognition Sweets, cooking/baking, energy production Lipids Glycerol C, H, O Insulation, protection, structural components, nutrients, transport Fats, oils, phospholipids, cholesterol, grease, waxes, steroids Proteins Amino acids C, H, O, N, S Enzymes, defense, hormones, storage Food, pharmaceuticals, cleaning products Nucleic Acids Nucleotides C, H, O, N, P Genetic Info DNA, RNA, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Uracil Carbohydrates are classified by __chemical structure________. The most common simple sugars are glucose, galactose and fructose that are made of a single sugar molecule. These can be classified as ___monosaccharides_______. Sucrose and ____lactose______ are classified as disaccharides; they are made of two monosaccharides joined by a dehydration reaction. The most complex carbohydrates are starch, ___glycogen_______ and cellulose, classified as __polysaccharides________. Lipids most abundant form are __triglycerides________.
Triglycerides building blocks are 1 __glycerol molecule________ and 3 __fatty acid________ per molecule. If a triglyceride only contains __single bonds________ bonds that contain the maximum number of __hydrogen atoms________, then it is classified as a saturated fat. If a triglyceride contains one or more ___double_______ bonds, then it is classified as an unsaturated fat. Lipids are also responsible for a major component of the cell membrane wall that is both attracted to and repelled by water, called __phospholipid________. The tail of this structure is made of 2 ____fatty acid chains______, that are water insoluble (hydrophobic). The head of this structure is made of a single __phosphate group________, that is water soluble (hydrophilic). Proteins building blocks are amino acids that are held together with __peptide bonds________ bonds. These are covalent bonds that link the amino end of one amino acid with the carboxyl end of another. Their overall shape determines their ____shape and function of the protein______. The complex 3D shape of a protein is called a ___tertiary structure_______. Proteins have four levels of structure: __primary structure________, _____secondary structure_____, _____tertiary structure_____, _____quaternary structure_____. Nucleic Acids are polymers made of building blocks called __nucleotides________. There are two types of nucleic acids. ___RNA_______ is composed of nucleotides that have ribose sugar. ____DNA______ is composed of nucleotides that have deoxyribose sugar.
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