building an atom

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University of Central Arkansas *

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1400

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Chemistry

Date

Oct 30, 2023

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pdf

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4

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1 | P a g e INTRODUCTION Atoms are the building blocks of all matter. The word atom is derived from the Greek word atomos which means indivisible. This was because atoms were thought to be the smallest things in the Universe and they could not be split into anything smaller. Today we know that atoms are made up of smaller particles. Particles such as protons and neutrons exist in the nucleus, while the electrons orbit the nucleus in energy shells. . . BUILDING ATOMS OBJECTIVES Draw models that show atoms or ions. Use information about the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons to Identify an element and its position on the periodic table Predict how changing the number of protons, neutrons, or electrons will change the element, the charge, and the mass of an atom or ion .. SIMULATION LINK GENERAL PAGE https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/b uild -an-atom/latest/build-an- atom_en.html PROCEDURE Exploring Atoms. The following activity will require you to access the virtual simulation of atoms and can be found in the link below. https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/build -an- atom/latest/build-an-atom_en.html A/ Build the following atom on the website. You build an atom that has the following components: 3 protons P 4 neutrons N 3 electrons Draw a picture of your atom in the space below . F Table shoing the index of refraction of different materials.
2 | P a g e Matter made of on only one type of atom is called an element. Atoms with similar number of protons in the nucleus belong to the same element. The periodic table of elements is a collection of all the materials in matter that are currently known. Some are found naturally and some were created in a lab. Regardless of the type of element or how stable the element may be, each element is unique as they have a unique number of protons. The number of electrons are always the same as the number of protons in an uncharged, neutral atom. If the atom is charged, there will be a variation in the number of electrons and number of protons Figure 1: Experimental set up Figure 2:Part of the periodic table of elements Using the information from the simulation: 1) Identify the element, using the element symbol 2) Record the mass number. Click the mass number button 3) What is the charge of the atom. Click the net charge button 4) The outermost shell has how many electrons? 5) What happens when we remove the outmost electron? Answers [A] the mass number changes [B] the net charge changes [C] the net charge and the mass number changes [D] the electron is so small it doesn t significantly affect anything in the atom At the right bottom of the screen click the show Element, Neutral/Ion and the Stable/Unstable as shown below. Restart building your atom. Starting with you atom, 3 protons P 4 neutrons N 3 electrons 6) Now remove a proton. What do you notice about the element? Answers {A] We have created a hydrogen,H atom {B] We have created a helium, He atom [C] We still have a Lithium, Li atom [D] We have a Boron, B atom 7) What do you notice about the nucleus of this atom Answers [A] the nucleus is unchanged [B] the nucleus is unstable [C] nucleus is changed and unstable [D] the number of electrons is different 8) With the proton removed what do you see on the scree for the element. Answers: [A] H [B] He [C] Li [D] Be
3 | P a g e After completing the entire lab then answer these questions. 11) Adding protons creates a new element. (A) Yes (B) No (C) Sometimes 12) Adding neutrons creates a new element (A) Yes (b) No (C) Sometimes 13) Adding electrons (a) creates a new element (b) changes the mass number (c) creates a negative ion (d) creates a positive ion 14) Removing electrons a) creates a new element (b) changes the mass number (c) creates a negative ion (d) creates a positive ion 9) Now add two protons. What do you notice about the element. Answers: [[A] H [B] He [C] Li [D] Be MORE ON ATOMS: Build the following atoms 10) Protons: 6 Neutrons: 6 Electrons: 6 What is the name of this element? Make the following adjustments and record how the changes you observe. Action What Changes? How Does it Change? Remove a Neutron Element Charge Mass Action What Changes? How Does it Change? Remove an Electron Element Charge Mass Action What Changes? How Does it Change? Add Electron Element Charge Mass action What Changes? How Does it Change? Add Proton Element Charge Mass
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4 | P a g e Now you are ready to answer some questions based on this lab. END OF LAB Please visit the course link on Blackboard and click on the Lab quiz to enter your answers to your questions. Your response will count as your lab grade.

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