Khelil_101258560_prelab3 (1)

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Oct 30, 2023

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PRELAB WORKSHEET 3 – LLE (20 marks) The necessary information to do this assignment is found in the lab manual. Chemical hazards are found in the SDS link or any manufacturer database. https://carleton.ca/ehs/programs/working-lab/msds-sheets/ This Word document must be completed and submitted via Brightspace before your scheduled lab. A printed copy must also be brought to the lab. Before submitting on Brightspace, make sure to change the file name to: “lastname_studentnumber_prelabnumber”, for example: “Smith_100123456_prelab1”
Part 1 1. Purpose (3) – In a few sentences, briefly describe what is being done in this experiment and the main concepts being investigated. Include any reaction and techniques that will be used to synthesize and characterize your results. The purpose of the lab is to separate a mixture of 3 organic compounds, benzoic acid, 2- naphthol, and hydroquinone dimethyl ether by doing a liquid-liquid extraction using a separatory funnel. Then each separation gets filtered by suction and purified by recrystallization. Efficiency and purity will be calculated through percent recovery calculations and IR spectrums of each product. 2. Procedure (7) (choose a format: flowchart, point form, etc.) – In a clear, concise manner and in your own words, include the correct order of the steps taken, quantities, compounds, and apparatus. Lab manual should be referenced once Note: anyone looking at this written procedure should have all the information needed to replicate the experiment. Part 1. Isolation of benzoic acid: 1. Dissolve 3 g of a pre-made mixture consisting of approximately equal portions of benzoic acid, 2-naphthol and hydroquinone dimethyl ether in 30 mL of diethyl ether and transfer to a 125 mL separatory funnel. 2. Add 30 mL of 5% sodium bicarbonate solution, close the funnel, and shake thoroughly to distribute the sodium benzoate into the aqueous layer. 3. Frequently vent the separatory funnel. 4. Once the extraction is complete, take out the aqueous layer and extract the solution a second time with a 20 mL portion of 5% sodium bicarbonate solution. 5. Combine and acidify the extraction with dilute hydrochloric acid. 6. Frequently check the pH. Add extra acid if needed to ensure that all benzoic acid is precipitated. 7. Filter by suction. Then do a recrystallization from water. 8. Record your observations and obtain the IR spectrum of your product. Calculate the % recovery of benzoic acid. Part 2. Isolation of 2-naphthol: 1. Extract the remaining ethereal phase containing the 2-naphthol and hydroquinone dimethyl ether with two 20 mL portions of 5% sodium hydroxide solution. 2. Combine the extracts and acidify with dilute hydrochloric acid until the solution is acidic and no further 2-naphthol precipitates upon addition of acid. 3. Filter by suction and wash the product with cold water until neutral. 4. Dissolve the 2-naphthol in a minimum of hot ethanol.
5. Using water as the second solvent, recrystallize the product. 2-naphthol should separate out in the form of colorless leaves. 6. Record your observations and obtain the IR spectrum of your product. Calculate the % recovery of 2-naphthol. Part 3. Isolation of hydroquinone dimethyl ether 1. Using the same extraction technique as part 1 and 2, wash the remaining ethereal phase consecutively with one 15 mL portion of 5% aqueous sodium hydroxide, one 15 mL portion of water and a 15 mL portion of saturated sodium chloride solution. 2. Filter the ethereal solution through a filter paper cone containing 5g of anhydrous granular sodium sulfate and carefully evaporate the ether on a steam bath. 3. Dissolve the residue in ethanol, treat with decolorizing charcoal, and filter while hot. If crystallization does not commence within a reasonable time after cooling, evaporate some of the ethanol or employ the solvent pair principle, using water as the second solvent. 4. Calculate the % recovery of the hydroquinone dimethyl ether. Part 2 Chemical hazards (10) for each of the chemicals listed below, provide a matrix (table) that describes a summary in your own words of: “Section 2 - Hazard(s) identification”, “Section 4 - First-aid measures”, “Section 8 - Exposure controls/personal protection” and “Section 11 - Toxicological information” from the SDS sheets. You can find the SDS from the link provided above or from a reliable manufacturer website by typing “the chemical name and SDS” on google. Include reference(s) for your source(s). Complete the safety information for the following compounds: - Benzoic acid, 2-naphthol, hydroquinone dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate anhydrous Chemical Chemical Hazard Benzoic acid Hazards identification: Corrosive, health hazard, irritant, causes skin irritation, causes serious eye damage, damage to organs from repeated exposure First aid measures: Eyes: rinse with plenty of water for 30 mins, get medical attention Skin: wash with soap and rinse with water for 15 mins, if irritation persists, call a physician Inhalation: remove to fresh air, if not
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breathing, give artificial respiration and medical attention Ingestion: clean mouth with water and drink plenty water, get medical attention for symptoms Exposure controls: keep away from food and beverages goggles, protective gloves. Toxicological information: acute oral, inhalation and dermal toxicity at certain thresholds not carcinogenic or mutagenic or toxic to reproduction 2-naphthol Hazards identification: acute oral toxicity, skin corrosion/irritation, serious eye damage/irritation, target organ toxicity, toxic if swallowed. First aid measures: Eyes: Immediate medical attention is required. Rinse immediately with plenty of water. Skin: wash with soap and rinse with water for 15 mins. Immediate medical attention is required Inhalation: Remove to fresh air, if not breathing, give artificial respiration and medical attention Ingestion: Call a physician immediately. Clean mouth with water. Exposure controls: product does not contain any hazardous materials with goggles and protective gloves. Toxicological information: no information available hydroquinone dimethyl ether Hazards identification:
skin corrosion/irritation, serious eye damage/irritation, target organ toxicity First aid measures: Eyes: Rinse immediately with plenty of water Skin: Wash off immediately with soap and plenty of water while removing all contaminated clothes and shoes. Inhalation: Remove from exposure, lie down. Remove to fresh air. Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. Drink plenty of water or milk. Exposure controls: does not contain any hazardous materials with occupational exposure goggles and protective gloves. Toxicological information: No information available diethyl ether Hazards identification: skin corrosion/irritation, serious eye damage/irritation, target organ toxicity First aid measures: Eyes: Rinse immediately with plenty of water Skin: Wash off immediately with soap and plenty of water while removing all contaminated clothes and shoes Inhalation: Remove from exposure, lie down. Remove to fresh air. Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. Drink plenty of water or milk Exposure controls: adequate ventilation, eyewash stations, safety
showers goggles and protective gloves. Toxicological information: no information available hydrochloric acid Hazards identification: Corrosive to metals Skin corrosion/irritation Serious eye damage, target organ toxicity First aid measures: Eyes: Rinse immediately with plenty of water Skin: Wash off immediately with plenty of water for 15 mins Inhalation: Remove to fresh air. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Do not use mouth-to- mouth. Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. Call a physician or poison control center immediately. Exposure controls: eyewash stations, safety showers goggles and protective gloves Toxicological information: no acute toxicity. sodium hydroxide Hazards identification: May be corrosive to metals Causes severe skin burns & eye damage Causes serious eye damage. First aid measures: Eyes: Protect unexposed eye, rinse exposed eye gently for 15-20 mins. Skin: Take off contaminated clothing and wash affected are with soap and water. Inhalation: Remove to fresh air. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Loosen clothing as
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necessary. Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. Call a physician if irritation persists, rinse mouth thoroughly. Exposure controls: eyewash stations, safety showers goggles and protective gloves. Toxicological information: no acute toxicity. sodium bicarbonate Hazards identification: Causes eye & skin irritation, may cause respiratory transact irritation Target organs (blood, kidneys, heart, liver, skin, eyes). First aid measures: Eyes: Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid. Skin: Get medical aid. Immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Inhalation: Remove from exposure and move to fresh air immediately. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear. Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. Get medical aid. Exposure controls: eyewash stations, safety showers, adequate ventilation goggles and protective gloves. Toxicological information: teratogenic and mutagenic effects.
sodium chloride Hazards identification: Causes eye & skin irritation. First aid measures: Eyes: Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Get medical aid. Skin: flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Inhalation: Move to fresh air immediately. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical aid if symptoms appear. Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. Clean mouth with water and drink plenty of water afterwards. Get medical aid. Exposure controls: eyewash stations, adequate goggles, and protective gloves. Toxicological information: No information available. sodium sulfate anhydrous Hazards identification: Combustible dust First aid measures: Eyes: Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid. Skin: wash affected area with soap & water for 15-20 mins. Seek medical advice if irritation persists. Inhalation: Remove from exposure and move to fresh air immediately. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear. Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. Get
medical aid. Rinse mouth thoroughly Exposure controls: eyewash stations, safety showers, adequate ventilation goggles and protective gloves Toxicological information: acute toxicity. References: Title; CAS Registry Number; product stock or catalog number; version number;Manufacturer: Location of Company, YYYY-MM-DD. URL (accessed YYYY-MM-DD) Benzoic acid; CAS RN: 65-85-0; 9722; rev. 4.0; aquaphoenix scientific: Hanover, PA, 2014-12- 29. https://beta- static.fishersci.com/content/dam/fishersci/en_US/documents/programs/education/regulatory- documents/sds/chemicals/chemicals-b/S25195.pdf (accessed 2023-10-16) 2-naphthol; CAS RN: 602-09-5; AC147350000, AC147350050, AC147350250; rev. 4; Fisher Scientific: Fair Lawn, NJ, 2021-12-24 https://www.fishersci.ca/store/msds? partNumber=AC147350250&productDescription=1-%201-bi-2-naphthol-99-acros-organics- 2&language=en&countryCode=CA(accessed 2023-10-16) hydroquinone dimethyl ether; CAS RN: 150-78-7; A12822; rev. 2; Alfa Aesar, Thermo FisherScientific: Fair Lawn, NJ, 2020-02-14. https://www.fishersci.com/store/msds? partNumber=AAA1282236&productDescription=1+4- DIMETHOXYBENZENE+98%25+500G&vendorId=VN00024248&countryCode=US&languag e=en(accessed 2023-10-16) diethyl ether; CAS RN: 200-467-2; S25903; rev. 3; aquaphoenix scientific: Hanover, PA, FisherScientific: Nazareth, PA, 2014-10-24. https://beta- static.fishersci.com/content/dam/fishersci/en_US/documents/programs/education/regulatory- documents/sds/chemicals/chemicals-e/S25903.pdf(accessed 2023-10-16) hydrochloric acid; CAS RN: 7647-01-0; S25358; rev. 1; aquaphoenix scientific: Hanover, PA, FisherScientific education: Rochester, NY, 2015-01-08. https://beta- static.fishersci.com/content/dam/fishersci/en_US/documents/programs/education/regulatory- documents/sds/chemicals/chemicals-h/S25358.pdf(accessed 2023-10-16) sodium bicarbonate; CAS RN: 144-55-8; AC123360000; rev. 9; FisherScientific: Fair Lawn, NJ, 2008-02-15. https://fscimage.fishersci.com/msds/20970.htm (accessed 2023-10-16)
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sodium hydroxide; CAS RN: 1310-73-2; S25881; rev. 3; aquaphoenix scientific: Hanover, PA, Fisher Science education: Rochester, NY, 2015-03-25. https://beta- static.fishersci.com/content/dam/fishersci/en_US/documents/programs/education/regulatory- documents/sds/chemicals/chemicals-s/S25881.pdf(accessed 2023-10-16) sodium chloride; CAS RN: 7647-14-5; S640-3; rev. 8; FisherScientific: Fair Lawn, NJ, 2009-06- 22. https://www.fishersci.com/store/msds? partNumber=S640500&productDescription=SODIUM+CHLORIDE+USP %2FFCC+500G&vendorId=VN00033897&countryCode=US&language=en(accessed 2023-10- 16) sodium sulfate anhydrous; CAS RN: 7757-82-6; S25568; rev. 3; aquaphoenix scientific: Hanover, PA, Fisher Science education: Rochester, NY, 2015-01-07. https://beta- static.fishersci.com/content/dam/fishersci/en_US/documents/programs/education/regulatory- documents/sds/chemicals/chemicals-s/S25568.pdf(accessed 2023-10-16)

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