9) What would be the difference between the 4 alcohols in IR? They all show O-H, C-H sp3, and C-H aromatic bonds. The only way to tell which one is used would be by comparing the fingerprint regions to published IR spectra of each alcohol. Alcohol 2 has an aldehyde C-H group that could be seen between 2700-2800 and 2800-2900 cm-1 Only alcohol 3 will show O-H bond around 3300 cm-1 Only alcohol 1 will show C=C aromatic bonds around 1600 cm-1 10) Assuming 5.0 mL of alcohol 2 was used and 2.2 g of the product was isolated, what is the percent yield for this reaction? The product has a molar mass of 198.00 g/mol. 11) How could the percent yield be increased for this reaction? Add NaOH to neutralize the product as it forms Add a catalyst such as H2SO4 to help speed up the reaction Add a catalyst such as HCl to help speed up the reaction Cool the reaction on ice to increase the rate of reaction

Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
icon
Related questions
icon
Concept explainers
Question

9) What would be the difference between the 4 alcohols in IR?

They all show O-H, C-H sp3, and C-H aromatic bonds. The only way to tell which one is used would be by comparing the fingerprint regions to published IR spectra of each alcohol.

Alcohol 2 has an aldehyde C-H group that could be seen between 2700-2800 and 2800-2900 cm-1

Only alcohol 3 will show O-H bond around 3300 cm-1

Only alcohol 1 will show C=C aromatic bonds around 1600 cm-1

10) Assuming 5.0 mL of alcohol 2 was used and 2.2 g of the product was isolated, what is the percent yield for this reaction? The product has a molar mass of 198.00 g/mol.

11) How could the percent yield be increased for this reaction?

Add NaOH to neutralize the product as it forms

Add a catalyst such as H2SO4 to help speed up the reaction

Add a catalyst such as HCl to help speed up the reaction

Cool the reaction on ice to increase the rate of reaction

12) Is there another way that the product of this reaction could be isolated and purified?

Set up a co-distillation of immiscible liquids so that only the alkyl halide distills into the receiving flask. 

Recrystallize the product from ethanol

Set up a co-distillation of immiscible liquids so that all impurities distill and leave just the product behind

Set up a co-distillation of immiscible liquids so that the alkyl halide is left with just water to remove

13) How would the product and the starting alcohol differ in IR?

The product should not have an O-H bond or the sp3 C-H bonds

The product should have sp3 C-H bonds and the alcohol will not

The product should not have an O-H bond, but will still have the sp3 and aromatic C-H bonds

Both have aromatic C-H bonds but only the product will have C=C aromatic bonds in the IR

Nucleophilic Substitutions
The following reaction was set-up as follows:
R-OH + HBr --> R-Br
Where R-OH could be one of the following possible compounds 1-4
1
1
2
3
OH
2
4
HBr (48%)
OH
3
OH
5.0 mL of the unknown alcohol was added to 15 mL of HBr (48% HBr in water) in a 150 mL Erlenmeyer flask. The reaction was covered and stirred at room temperature for
60 min. After that time, two layers could be seen in the flask. One was clear and the other was a pale yellow.
The following table has the physical properties for each of the possible alcohols and HBr. All of the alcohols are immiscible with water.
Compound
Molar mass (g/mol)
Boiling point (degC)
Melting point (degC)
28-23
136.19
202
136.19
136.19
136.19
80.91
ОН
-18
110-111
119-121
219-221
||||
Density (g/mL at 25 C)
0.973
0.975
1.001
0.973
1.49
Transcribed Image Text:Nucleophilic Substitutions The following reaction was set-up as follows: R-OH + HBr --> R-Br Where R-OH could be one of the following possible compounds 1-4 1 1 2 3 OH 2 4 HBr (48%) OH 3 OH 5.0 mL of the unknown alcohol was added to 15 mL of HBr (48% HBr in water) in a 150 mL Erlenmeyer flask. The reaction was covered and stirred at room temperature for 60 min. After that time, two layers could be seen in the flask. One was clear and the other was a pale yellow. The following table has the physical properties for each of the possible alcohols and HBr. All of the alcohols are immiscible with water. Compound Molar mass (g/mol) Boiling point (degC) Melting point (degC) 28-23 136.19 202 136.19 136.19 136.19 80.91 ОН -18 110-111 119-121 219-221 |||| Density (g/mL at 25 C) 0.973 0.975 1.001 0.973 1.49
Expert Solution
trending now

Trending now

This is a popular solution!

steps

Step by step

Solved in 4 steps with 2 images

Blurred answer
Knowledge Booster
IR Spectroscopy of Organic Molecules
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.
Similar questions
  • SEE MORE QUESTIONS
Recommended textbooks for you
Chemistry
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781305957404
Author:
Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Chemistry
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781259911156
Author:
Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby Professor
Publisher:
McGraw-Hill Education
Principles of Instrumental Analysis
Principles of Instrumental Analysis
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781305577213
Author:
Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Organic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:
9780078021558
Author:
Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.
Publisher:
McGraw-Hill Education
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781305079373
Author:
William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind…
Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind…
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781118431221
Author:
Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. Bullard
Publisher:
WILEY