CHM 101L M5 Equilibrium and LeChatlier Lab Report

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Southern New Hampshire University *

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101L

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Chemistry

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Feb 20, 2024

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Equilibrium and Le Chatelier’s Principle Sara Rigby 02/10/2024
Data Activities 1, 2, and 3 Data Table 1 Quantity of Reagents Quantity of Reagents Quantity of Reagents Quantity of Reagents Quantity of Reagents Reagent Test Tube #1, Control Test Tube #2 Test Tube #3 Test Tube #4 Test Tube #5 Copper (II) Chlorid e 2.0 mL 2.0 mL 2.0 mL 2.0 mL 2.0 mL Sodium Chlorid e 0.0 mL 1.0 mL 2.0 mL 4.0 mL 4.0 mL Color of Solution Bright Blue Blue Teal Green Green Silver Nitrate N/A N/A 1.0 mL N/A N/A Color of Solution N/A N/A Milky Light Blue with White at Bottom N/A N/A Water N/A N/A N/A 3.0 mL N/A Color of Solution N/A N/A N/A Light Blue N/A © 2016 Carolina Biological Supply Company
Activity 4 Data Table 2 Stress Water Bath Temperatur e (°C) Solution Temperatu re (°C) Solution Color Direction of Shift (reactants or products) ( or ) Test tube #4 (Control Solution) N/A 15 Light Blue At equilibrium Hot Water Bath 65 50 Bright Green Cold Water Bath 0 8 Teal 1. What is the “common ion” that you added to test tubes #2–5? NaCl or sodium chloride is the common ion that was added to test tubes 2-5. 2. How does the common ion affect the equilibrium reaction as the amount of NaCl solution increases from 1–4 mL? The greater the amount of NaCl added the more the equilibrium shifts towards the right. 3. Based upon the color, in which direction does the equilibrium shift? Left 4. Write an equation showing what happens when AgNO 3 is added, and explain why the equilibrium shifts. Ag+ - Cl- = AgCl Cu2+ + 4Cl- [Cuc4]2- The equilibrium shifts left towards blue because the addition of the AgNO 3 removes the free Cl- ions. © 2016 Carolina Biological Supply Company
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5. Explain the equilibrium shift that occurs when water is added to the original equilibrium reaction. Cu(H 2 O) 6 2+ (aq) + 4Cl (aq) CuCl 4 2– (aq) + 6H 2 O(l) Blue Green When more water is added to the original reaction I adds more positive H20 ions so the equilibrium shifts to the right. 6. Write “heat” on either the left or right side of this equation, based upon observations from the addition and removal of heat in steps 3 and 4, respectively, and the corresponding shifts in equilibrium. __ heat ___ + Cu(H 2 O) 6 2+ (aq) + 4Cl (aq) CuCl 4 2– (aq) + 6H 2 O(l) + _____ Blue Green 7. Given the equilibrium equation for a general reaction, A + B C + D, explain what happens to the reactants and products from time 0 until the time at which the reaction reaches equilibrium. The reactants and products are finding balance and when equilibrium is reached the reaction will be settled on the reactant side of the reaction 8. Given this reaction at equilibrium, C(s) + CO 2 (g) 2CO(g) (∆H° = 119kJ), explain the changes that would occur when the following stresses are applied or removed for this reaction. (a) CO is removed. It shifts to the left (b)Heat is added. It shifts to the right (c) CO 2 is added. It shifts to the right (d)Heat is removed. It shifts to the left Photos Place the tubes on a white paper with adequate light. Use of white paper as a background will assist with view and color comparisons. Color changes may be subtle. © 2016 Carolina Biological Supply Company
Photo 1 Insert the photo of test tubes #1-5 from Activity 1. Be sure you can compare the colors of the solutions in test tubes #2–5 to that in test tube #1. Photo 2 Insert the photo of test tubes #1 and #3 from Activity 2. © 2016 Carolina Biological Supply Company
Photo 3 © 2016 Carolina Biological Supply Company
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Photo 4 Photo 5 © 2016 Carolina Biological Supply Company
© 2016 Carolina Biological Supply Company