CHM 101L M5 Factors Affecting Reaction Rates Lab Report

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Southern New Hampshire University *

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101L

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Chemistry

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Feb 20, 2024

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Factors Affecting Reaction Rates Student Name Date
1 Data Activity 1 Data Table 1: Calibration Trial Na 2 S 2 O 3 (drops) Reaction time (sec) 1 8 28 2 7 24 3 6 20 1. How many drops will be used in the remaining experiments? 6 drops will be used Activity 2 Data Table 2a. Effects of KI (I - ) Concentration Tri al KI (drop s) HCl (drop s) Starc h (drop s) H 2 O (drop s) Na 2 S 2 O 3 (drops ) H 2 O 2 (mL ) Tim e 1 (sec ) Time 2 (sec) Averag e time (T avg ) (sec) Rate (1/T avg ) 1 8 2 4 0 6 0.4 20 19.5 1/19.5 2 8 2 4 0 6 0.4 19 3 6 2 4 2 6 0.4 15 16 1/16 4 6 2 4 2 6 0.4 17 5 4 2 4 4 6 0.4 30 31 1/31 6 4 2 4 4 6 0.4 32 7 2 2 4 6 6 0.4 49 50.5 1/50.5 8 2 2 4 6 6 0.4 52 Data Table 2b. Effects of H 2 O 2 Concentration © 2016 Carolina Biological Supply Company
2 Tri al KI (drop s) HCl (drop s) Starc h (drop s) H 2 O (mL ) Na 2 S 2 O 3 (drops ) H 2 O 2 (mL ) Tim e 1 (sec ) Tim e 2 (sec ) Average time (T avg ) (sec) Rate (1/T avg ) 1 8 2 4 0 6 0.4 20 19 1/19 2 8 2 4 0 6 0.4 18 3 8 2 4 0.1 6 0.3 27 27.5 1/27.5 4 8 2 4 0.1 6 0.3 28 5 8 2 4 0.2 6 0.2 33 34 1/34 6 8 2 4 0.2 6 0.2 35 7 8 2 4 0.3 6 0.1 40 41.5 1/41.5 8 8 2 4 0.3 6 0.1 43 Data Table 2c. Effects of HCl (H + ) Concentration Tri al KI (drop s) HCl (%) Starc h (drop s) H 2 O (drop s) Na 2 S 2 O 3 (drops ) H 2 O 2 (mL ) Tim e 1 (sec ) Tim e 2 (sec ) Average time (T avg ) (sec) Rate (1/T avg ) 1 8 100 % 4 0 6 0.4 19 18 1/18 2 8 100 % 4 0 6 0.4 17 3 8 75% 4 0 6 0.4 20 20 1/20 4 8 75% 4 0 6 0.4 20 5 8 50% 4 0 6 0.4 19 18.5 1/18.5 6 8 50% 4 0 6 0.4 18 7 8 25% 4 0 6 0.4 15 15.5 1/15.5 8 8 25% 4 0 6 0.4 16 Activity 3 © 2016 Carolina Biological Supply Company
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3 Data Table 3. Temperature Effects Water bath trial Temperature of the water bath (°C) Reaction time (sec) Cold water 0 36 Room-temperature water 23 19 Hot water 55 10 2. Explain how each of these treatments affected the reaction rate. Describe the effect at a molecular level. a. Concentration The increase of concentration of HCl increased the rate of reaction. The decrease of hydrogen peroxide decreased the rate of the reaction, making it slower. The decrease of potassium iodide also made the reaction time slower. b. Temperature When temperature is increased the reaction rate becomes much quicker and when the temperature is decreased the reaction time is slower. Activity 4 Data Table 4. Catalyst Trial Water (drops) CuSO 4 (drops) Reaction time (sec) 1 4 0 10 2 3 1 5 3 2 2 4 4 1 3 2 5 0 4 1 3. How did the addition of copper(II) sulfate affect the reaction rate? Did the amount of catalyst affect the reaction rate? Adding copper sulfate made the reaction much quicker, the amount of catalyst increased the rate of reaction. © 2016 Carolina Biological Supply Company
4 Activity 5: Data Table 5. Orders of Reactants in the Rate Law R = k [I ] m [H 2 O 2 ] n [H + ] p Calculated Reaction order (X) (e.g. ( concentration 1 concentration 2 ) X = rate 1 rate 2 ) Reactan t Concentrati on Averag e Rate Calculated Reaction order (X) Averag e Reactio n order Reactio n Order (integer ) KI (I ) 8 drops 1/19.5 m = KI (I ) 6 drops 1/16 KI (I ) 4 drops 1/31 KI (I ) 2 drops 1/50.5 H 2 O 2 0.4 mL 1/19 n = H 2 O 2 0.3 mL 1/27.5 H 2 O 2 0.2 mL 1/34 H 2 O 2 0.1 mL 1/41.5 HCl (H + ) 100% 1/18 p = HCl (H + ) 75% 1/20 HCl (H + ) 50% 1/18.5 HCl (H + ) 25% 1/15.5 © 2016 Carolina Biological Supply Company
5 Reactan t Concentrati on Averag e Rate Calculated Reaction order (X) Averag e Reactio n order Reactio n Order (integer ) Rate law Overall order of the reaction 4. Use the rate-law expression you determined for Data Table 5 to answer the following questions. a. If the concentration of I was doubled, how would that affect the reaction rate? b. If the concentration of H 2 O 2 was halved, how would that affect the reaction rate? c. If the concentrations of I and H 2 O 2 were both doubled, how would that affect the reaction rate? d. If the concentration of H + (HCl) was doubled, how would that affect the reaction rate? © 2016 Carolina Biological Supply Company
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