Seeley's Anatomy & Physiology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781259254963
Author: Jennifer Regan (author), Andrew Russo (author), Rod Seeley (author) Cinnamon Vanputte (author)
Publisher: McGraw Hill Higher Education
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Question
Chapter 9.3, Problem 14AYP
Summary Introduction
To analyze:
The meaning and formation of sarcomeres and the formation of A, I and H bands.
Introduction:
The contraction and relaxation of muscles are possible due to the presence of myosin protein. The molecule contains two globular heads and one long tail. The shape is asymmetrical and large. The cross-bridges are formed when the globular heads of the myosin filaments are bound to the actin filaments in the overlapping region of thick and thin filaments. The cross-bridges formed between the actin and myosin filaments are used to determine the amount of tension that a muscle fiber can produce.
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Chapter 9 Solutions
Seeley's Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 9.1 - List and describe the functions performed by...Ch. 9.1 - State the functions of smooth and cardiac muscle...Ch. 9.1 - Using table 9.1, distinguish among skeletal,...Ch. 9.2 - Identify the four specialized functional...Ch. 9.2 - Outline the differences in control and function...Ch. 9.3 - Name the connective tissue layers that surround...Ch. 9.3 - What are motor neurons? How do the axons of motor...Ch. 9.3 - What is the origin of muscle fibers? How do you...Ch. 9.3 - What are T tubules and the sarcoplasmic reticulum?Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 10AYP
Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 11AYPCh. 9.3 - Prob. 12AYPCh. 9.3 - Prob. 13AYPCh. 9.3 - Prob. 14AYPCh. 9.3 - Prob. 15AYPCh. 9.3 - Prob. 16AYPCh. 9.3 - Prob. 17AYPCh. 9.4 - What type of ion channel contributes to the...Ch. 9.4 - What are the two types of gated ion channels in...Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 20AYPCh. 9.4 - Prob. 21AYPCh. 9.4 - List the two types of voltage-gated channels the...Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 23AYPCh. 9.4 - Prob. 24AYPCh. 9.4 - Prob. 25AYPCh. 9.4 - Prob. 26AYPCh. 9.4 - Describe the structure of a neuromuscular...Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 28AYPCh. 9.4 - Prob. 29AYPCh. 9.4 - Prob. 30AYPCh. 9.4 - Prob. 31AYPCh. 9.4 - What ion is necessary for movement of the...Ch. 9.4 - Describe the steps in cross-bridge cycling. How is...Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 34AYPCh. 9.5 - List the phases of a muscle twitch, and describe...Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 36AYPCh. 9.5 - Prob. 37AYPCh. 9.5 - Prob. 38AYPCh. 9.5 - Prob. 39AYPCh. 9.5 - How does the lack of on unresponsive period in...Ch. 9.5 - Distinguish between active tension and passive...Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 42AYPCh. 9.5 - Prob. 43AYPCh. 9.5 - What is muscle tone, and how is it maintained?Ch. 9.6 - Contrast the structural and physiological...Ch. 9.6 - Prob. 46AYPCh. 9.6 - Prob. 47AYPCh. 9.6 - What factors contribute to increases in muscle...Ch. 9.6 - Prob. 49AYPCh. 9.6 - Prob. 50AYPCh. 9.7 - What is fatigue? List the three locations where...Ch. 9.7 - Prob. 52AYPCh. 9.7 - Prob. 53AYPCh. 9.7 - List the energy sources used to synthesize ATP for...Ch. 9.7 - Prob. 55AYPCh. 9.7 - Prob. 56AYPCh. 9.7 - Prob. 57AYPCh. 9.7 - Prob. 58AYPCh. 9.8 - Describe a typical smooth muscle cell. How do its...Ch. 9.8 - Prob. 60AYPCh. 9.8 - Prob. 61AYPCh. 9.8 - Compare visceral smooth muscle and multiunit...Ch. 9.8 - Prob. 63AYPCh. 9.8 - Prob. 64AYPCh. 9.8 - How are spontoneous contractions produced in...Ch. 9.8 - Prob. 66AYPCh. 9.8 - Prob. 67AYPCh. 9.8 - Prob. 68AYPCh. 9.9 - Prob. 69AYPCh. 9.9 - Prob. 70AYPCh. 9.10 - Prob. 71AYPCh. 9 - Which of these is true of skeletal muscle? a....Ch. 9 - Prob. 2RACCh. 9 - Prob. 3RACCh. 9 - Each myofibril Is made up of many muscle fibers....Ch. 9 - Prob. 5RACCh. 9 - Which of these statements about the molecular...Ch. 9 - Prob. 7RACCh. 9 - Prob. 8RACCh. 9 - Prob. 9RACCh. 9 - Prob. 10RACCh. 9 - Prob. 11RACCh. 9 - Prob. 12RACCh. 9 - Prob. 13RACCh. 9 - With stimuli of increasing strength, which of...Ch. 9 - Considering the force of contraction of a skeletal...Ch. 9 - Which of these events occurs during the lag...Ch. 9 - Prob. 17RACCh. 9 - Prob. 18RACCh. 9 - Given the conditions: (1) low ATP levels (2)...Ch. 9 - Prob. 20RACCh. 9 - Prob. 21RACCh. 9 - Prob. 22RACCh. 9 - Prob. 23RACCh. 9 - Prob. 24RACCh. 9 - Which of these statements concerning aging and...Ch. 9 - Prob. 1CTCh. 9 - A patient is thought to be suffering from either...Ch. 9 - Design an experiment to test the following...Ch. 9 - Explain what is happening at the level of...Ch. 9 - Predict the shape of an active tension curve for...Ch. 9 - Prob. 6CTCh. 9 - Prob. 7CTCh. 9 - Prob. 8CTCh. 9 - Prob. 9CTCh. 9 - Prob. 10CTCh. 9 - Prob. 11CTCh. 9 - Prob. 12CT
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- At right are pictures showing a part①Fully relaxed sarcomere of a muscle fiber of a skeletal muscle cell when it is relaxing and after it has contracted fully. 1. Label the following components: • Actin/thin filament • Myosin/thick filament • Sarcomere Н 2. Skeletal muscle cells are said to be striated, striped. Alternating dark and light stripes can be seen under a light microscope; more detail is shown in the electron micrographs (EMS) at right. Compare the top EM, which shows one dark vertical stripe (taking up about the middle third of the picture) flanked by two white stripes (taking up the rest of the picture). What protein's presence or absence appears to cause the dark and light stripes? ②Fully contracted sarcomere of a muscle fiber Figure: E. Marieb & K. Hoehn, Human Anatomy & Physiology (2016).arrow_forwardWhat is a sarcomere? Illustrate how Z disks, actinmyofilaments, myosin filaments, the M line, and titin form asarcomere. Describe how this arrangement produces theA band, the I band, and the H zone. Label these areas onyour illustration.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are true? (choose all that apply) The Z-disc is found in the middle of an l-band Myosin are known as the thick filaments The A-band is seen as "dark" under the microscope Tropomyosin is on the Actin filament During a muscle contraction, the sarcomeres move farther apart A sarcomere is located from one H-zone to the following H-zonearrow_forward
- Experimenters can separate F-actin thin myofilaments frommyosin thick myofilaments. First they homogenize musclecells in a blender (to break cell membranes); then they place thehomogenate in a Ca2+-free “relaxing solution” that contains ATP.Explain why ATP must be present and Ca2+ ions must not bepresent in order to isolate thick and thin myofilaments from eachother.arrow_forwardWhat is the main order histological structure of sarcomere? * Z line bind with actine without interaction with myosin Interaction of actine and myosin with Z line Interaction of myosin and actine with Z line Interaction of Z line with myosin and actinearrow_forwardWhich of the following regions of a sarcomere does not change length during a contraction because it represents the length of the thick myosin filaments. Group of answer choices Z disk H band A band I bandarrow_forward
- Label the sacromere regions and myofilaments in the relaxed sarcomere modelarrow_forwardThick myofilaments contain which of the following? (Select all that apply) troponin actin myosin |tropomyosinarrow_forwardImage A Image B Z M F. The images above represent the contracting unit of a muscle fiber. Using the images shown, answer the following questions. Be sure that you label your answers a, b and c. a. What is a contracting unit of a myofibril called? b. Which image represents a myofibril that is fully contracted? c. Explain how you derived your answer to part b. Be sure to use the words for the myofilaments that are involved in muscle contraction in your answer.arrow_forward
- A typical relaxed sarcomere is about 2.3 um in length and contracts to about 2 um in length. Within the sarcomere, the thin filaments are about 1 um long and the thick filaments are about 1.5 um long. (a) Describe the overlap of thick and thin filaments in the relaxed and con- tracted sarcomere. (b) An individual "step" by a myosin head in one cycle pulls the thin fila- ment about 15 nm. How many steps must each actin fiber make in one contraction?arrow_forwardThick and thin myofilaments have different properties. For each phrase below, indicate whether the filament described is thick or thin (write thick or thin in the blanks).__(1) contains myosin heads__(2) contains actin__(3) does not lie in the H zone__(4) contains myosin__(5) attaches to a Z disc__(6) does not lie in the I bandarrow_forwardA typical relaxed sarcomere is about 2.3 µm in length and contracts to about 2 µm in length. Within the sarcomere, the thin filaments are about 1 um long and the thick filaments are about 1.5 um long. (a) Describe the overlap of thick and thin filaments in the relaxed and contracted sarcomere. (b) An individual "step" by a myosin head in one cycle pulls the thin filament about 15 nm. How many steps must each actin fiber make in one contraction?arrow_forward
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