Seeley's Anatomy & Physiology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781259254963
Author: Jennifer Regan (author), Andrew Russo (author), Rod Seeley (author) Cinnamon Vanputte (author)
Publisher: McGraw Hill Higher Education
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Chapter 9, Problem 13RAC
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Muscle contraction occurs when the neural signal reaches to the target muscle fiber. The muscle fiber consists of two main components that lead to the contraction of the muscle. The two components are:
- Electrical component: The electrical component consists of the structures that respond to electrical signals. It includes the structure such as sarcolemma, T tubules, sarcoplasmic reticulum.
- Mechanical component: The contractility property of muscle is achieved by the two structures of mechanical components that are myofibrils and myofilaments.
The myofibrils consist of bundles of protein filament known as myofilament. The actin and myosin are the two types of myofilament found in the myofibrils. The actin myofilament is made up of three proteins that are the G actin, tropomyosin, and the troponin whereas the myosin is made up of elongated myosin molecules.
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Choose the best description of how myosin and actin are arranged within the two types of protein filaments in myofibrils.
a.) Actin makes up the think filaments, and myosin makes up the thin filaments.
b.) Myosin makes up the think filaments, and actin makes up the thin filaments.
c.) Myosin and actin are randomly interspersed in the think filaments but are absent from the thin filaments.
d.) Myosin and actin overlap with each other to make up both the think and thin filaments.
Place these structures in order from LARGEST structure to SMALLEST:
A) Myofibril
B) Myofilament (MYOSIN) 1
C) Muscle Body
D) Muscle Bundle (Fascicle)
E) Muscle Fiber
F) Myofilament (ACTIN)
Which of the following regions of a sarcomere at rest is characterized by the presence of myosin only?
a) A band
b) H zone
c) I band
d) Z line
Chapter 9 Solutions
Seeley's Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 9.1 - List and describe the functions performed by...Ch. 9.1 - State the functions of smooth and cardiac muscle...Ch. 9.1 - Using table 9.1, distinguish among skeletal,...Ch. 9.2 - Identify the four specialized functional...Ch. 9.2 - Outline the differences in control and function...Ch. 9.3 - Name the connective tissue layers that surround...Ch. 9.3 - What are motor neurons? How do the axons of motor...Ch. 9.3 - What is the origin of muscle fibers? How do you...Ch. 9.3 - What are T tubules and the sarcoplasmic reticulum?Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 10AYP
Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 11AYPCh. 9.3 - Prob. 12AYPCh. 9.3 - Prob. 13AYPCh. 9.3 - Prob. 14AYPCh. 9.3 - Prob. 15AYPCh. 9.3 - Prob. 16AYPCh. 9.3 - Prob. 17AYPCh. 9.4 - What type of ion channel contributes to the...Ch. 9.4 - What are the two types of gated ion channels in...Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 20AYPCh. 9.4 - Prob. 21AYPCh. 9.4 - List the two types of voltage-gated channels the...Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 23AYPCh. 9.4 - Prob. 24AYPCh. 9.4 - Prob. 25AYPCh. 9.4 - Prob. 26AYPCh. 9.4 - Describe the structure of a neuromuscular...Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 28AYPCh. 9.4 - Prob. 29AYPCh. 9.4 - Prob. 30AYPCh. 9.4 - Prob. 31AYPCh. 9.4 - What ion is necessary for movement of the...Ch. 9.4 - Describe the steps in cross-bridge cycling. How is...Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 34AYPCh. 9.5 - List the phases of a muscle twitch, and describe...Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 36AYPCh. 9.5 - Prob. 37AYPCh. 9.5 - Prob. 38AYPCh. 9.5 - Prob. 39AYPCh. 9.5 - How does the lack of on unresponsive period in...Ch. 9.5 - Distinguish between active tension and passive...Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 42AYPCh. 9.5 - Prob. 43AYPCh. 9.5 - What is muscle tone, and how is it maintained?Ch. 9.6 - Contrast the structural and physiological...Ch. 9.6 - Prob. 46AYPCh. 9.6 - Prob. 47AYPCh. 9.6 - What factors contribute to increases in muscle...Ch. 9.6 - Prob. 49AYPCh. 9.6 - Prob. 50AYPCh. 9.7 - What is fatigue? List the three locations where...Ch. 9.7 - Prob. 52AYPCh. 9.7 - Prob. 53AYPCh. 9.7 - List the energy sources used to synthesize ATP for...Ch. 9.7 - Prob. 55AYPCh. 9.7 - Prob. 56AYPCh. 9.7 - Prob. 57AYPCh. 9.7 - Prob. 58AYPCh. 9.8 - Describe a typical smooth muscle cell. How do its...Ch. 9.8 - Prob. 60AYPCh. 9.8 - Prob. 61AYPCh. 9.8 - Compare visceral smooth muscle and multiunit...Ch. 9.8 - Prob. 63AYPCh. 9.8 - Prob. 64AYPCh. 9.8 - How are spontoneous contractions produced in...Ch. 9.8 - Prob. 66AYPCh. 9.8 - Prob. 67AYPCh. 9.8 - Prob. 68AYPCh. 9.9 - Prob. 69AYPCh. 9.9 - Prob. 70AYPCh. 9.10 - Prob. 71AYPCh. 9 - Which of these is true of skeletal muscle? a....Ch. 9 - Prob. 2RACCh. 9 - Prob. 3RACCh. 9 - Each myofibril Is made up of many muscle fibers....Ch. 9 - Prob. 5RACCh. 9 - Which of these statements about the molecular...Ch. 9 - Prob. 7RACCh. 9 - Prob. 8RACCh. 9 - Prob. 9RACCh. 9 - Prob. 10RACCh. 9 - Prob. 11RACCh. 9 - Prob. 12RACCh. 9 - Prob. 13RACCh. 9 - With stimuli of increasing strength, which of...Ch. 9 - Considering the force of contraction of a skeletal...Ch. 9 - Which of these events occurs during the lag...Ch. 9 - Prob. 17RACCh. 9 - Prob. 18RACCh. 9 - Given the conditions: (1) low ATP levels (2)...Ch. 9 - Prob. 20RACCh. 9 - Prob. 21RACCh. 9 - Prob. 22RACCh. 9 - Prob. 23RACCh. 9 - Prob. 24RACCh. 9 - Which of these statements concerning aging and...Ch. 9 - Prob. 1CTCh. 9 - A patient is thought to be suffering from either...Ch. 9 - Design an experiment to test the following...Ch. 9 - Explain what is happening at the level of...Ch. 9 - Predict the shape of an active tension curve for...Ch. 9 - Prob. 6CTCh. 9 - Prob. 7CTCh. 9 - Prob. 8CTCh. 9 - Prob. 9CTCh. 9 - Prob. 10CTCh. 9 - Prob. 11CTCh. 9 - Prob. 12CT
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- A typical relaxed sarcomere is about 2.3 um in length and contracts to about 2 um in length. Within the sarcomere, the thin filaments are about 1 um long and the thick filaments are about 1.5 um long. (a) Describe the overlap of thick and thin filaments in the relaxed and con- tracted sarcomere. (b) An individual "step" by a myosin head in one cycle pulls the thin fila- ment about 15 nm. How many steps must each actin fiber make in one contraction?arrow_forward2) Paula is a scientist who is developing a drug called Fremtol that will be used to treat muscle spasms. This drug acts on specific skeletal muscles to (1) block the release of Ca2+ ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, (2) inhibit the pivoting ability of the myosin heads of the thick filaments, and (3) block the production of ATP by the mitochondria in skeletal muscles. By using this drug, contraction of certain skeletal muscle fibers is reduced, which keeps those muscles from producing spasms. In the above scenario, Fremtol’s effect of blocking the release of Ca2+ ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum would most directly prevent which the following? a. activation of tropomyosin b. activation of troponin c. activation of actin d. All of the above e. None of the abovearrow_forward1) Paula is a scientist who is developing a drug called Fremtol that will be used to treat muscle spasms. This drug acts on specific skeletal muscles to (1) block the release of Ca2+ ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, (2) inhibit the pivoting ability of the myosin heads of the thick filaments, and (3) block the production of ATP by the mitochondria in skeletal muscles. By using this drug, contraction of certain skeletal muscle fibers is reduced, which keeps those muscles from producing spasms. In the above scenario, Fremtol’s effect of blocking the pivoting ability of the myosin heads of the thick filaments would have which of the following consequences? a. decreased release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction b. inhibition of the power stroke c. reduced production of myoglobin d. All of the above e. None of the above 2) Paula is a scientist who is developing a drug called Fremtol that will be used to treat muscle spasms. This drug acts on specific skeletal muscles to…arrow_forward
- (a) What are myofibrils? (b) Which components of the sarcoplasm separate the myofibrils in a fiber from one another?arrow_forward3) Paula is a scientist who is developing a drug called Fremtol that will be used to treat muscle spasms. This drug acts on specific skeletal muscles to (1) block the release of Ca2+ ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, (2) inhibit the pivoting ability of the myosin heads of the thick filaments, and (3) block the production of ATP by the mitochondria in skeletal muscles. By using this drug, contraction of certain skeletal muscle fibers is reduced, which keeps those muscles from producing spasms. In the above scenario, Fremtol’s effect of blocking muscle mitochondrial ATP production would result in the inability of the muscle to make ATP from ___________. a. creatine phosphate b. anaerobic glycolysis c. aerobic respiration d. All of the above e. None of the abovearrow_forwardSmooth muscles relax when: a) myosin kinase phosphorylates the myosin head b) myosin phosphatase removes a phosphate group from myosin c) Ca2 + binds to calmodulin d) Ca2 + flows out of the sarcoplasmic reticulumarrow_forward
- Pick the right order for muscle contraction a) ATP attaches to myosin, muscle cell uses calcium, action potential spreads b) Calcium release, binding sites on actin are exposedmyosin binds to actin c) Myosin binds to actin, myosin uses calcium, cell gets shorter d) Action potential is received , cell gets shorter, myosin grabs actinarrow_forwardWhat prevents the filaments from sliding back to their original position each time a myosin cross bridge detaches from actin?arrow_forwardA typical relaxed sarcomere is about 2.3 µm in length and contracts to about 2 µm in length. Within the sarcomere, the thin filaments are about 1 um long and the thick filaments are about 1.5 um long. (a) Describe the overlap of thick and thin filaments in the relaxed and contracted sarcomere. (b) An individual "step" by a myosin head in one cycle pulls the thin filament about 15 nm. How many steps must each actin fiber make in one contraction?arrow_forward
- 15) what role does calcium play in muscle contraction? a) calcium is not involved in skeletal muscle contraction b) it binds to tropomyosin and moves Tripp in away from the myosin binding sit on the actin molecules c) it's binds to Troponin and moves tropomyosin away from the actin binding sit on the myosin molecules d) it binds to troponin and moves tropomyosin away from the myosin binding site on the actin molearrow_forwardThick and thin myofilaments have different properties. For each phrase below, indicate whether the filament described is thick or thin (write thick or thin in the blanks).__(1) contains myosin heads__(2) contains actin__(3) does not lie in the H zone__(4) contains myosin__(5) attaches to a Z disc__(6) does not lie in the I bandarrow_forwardA typical relaxed sarcomere is about 2.3 μm in length and contracts to about2 μm in length. Within the sarcomere, the thin filaments are about 1 μmlong and the thick filaments are about 1.5 μm long.(a) Describe the overlap of thick and thin filaments in the relaxed and contracted sarcomere.(b) An individual “step” by a myosin head in one cycle pulls the thin filamentabout 15 nm. How many steps must each actin fiber make in one contraction?arrow_forward
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