Seeley's Anatomy & Physiology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781259254963
Author: Jennifer Regan (author), Andrew Russo (author), Rod Seeley (author) Cinnamon Vanputte (author)
Publisher: McGraw Hill Higher Education
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Question
Chapter 9, Problem 9RAC
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The action potential comprises of two phases:
1. Depolarization.
2. Repolarization.
The stimulation of the cell causes the depolarization to occur due to which the plasma membrane gets positively charged from inside. The positive charge is developed by the movement of certain charged molecules through the channels present over the plasma membrane. Repolarization leads to returning of membrane potential to its resting value.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Opening voltage-gated potassium ion channels will allow potassium ions to
O enter, repolarization and hyperpolarization
exit, depolarization
the cell, which will lead to
enter, depolarization
exit, repolarization and hyperpolarization
Which of the following occurs immediately after the peak of an action potential?
The membrane potential begins to repolarize
O Voltage gated potassium channels are open
Ⓒ Voltage gated sodium channels are inactivated
The cell is in the absolute refractory period
All of the above
Which of the following BEST explains the inside negative potential in resting
neurons?
sodium flows down its electrochemical gradient through sodium-selective channels that
are open in resting neurons
membrane transporters produce a large sodium concentration gradient by selectively
accumulating sodium ions outside the cell
the membrane of a resting neuron is more permeable to potassium ions than to other ions
present
a larger concentration of chloride ions are found inside the cell making the inside of the
cell more negative compared to the outside of the cell
Chapter 9 Solutions
Seeley's Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 9.1 - List and describe the functions performed by...Ch. 9.1 - State the functions of smooth and cardiac muscle...Ch. 9.1 - Using table 9.1, distinguish among skeletal,...Ch. 9.2 - Identify the four specialized functional...Ch. 9.2 - Outline the differences in control and function...Ch. 9.3 - Name the connective tissue layers that surround...Ch. 9.3 - What are motor neurons? How do the axons of motor...Ch. 9.3 - What is the origin of muscle fibers? How do you...Ch. 9.3 - What are T tubules and the sarcoplasmic reticulum?Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 10AYP
Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 11AYPCh. 9.3 - Prob. 12AYPCh. 9.3 - Prob. 13AYPCh. 9.3 - Prob. 14AYPCh. 9.3 - Prob. 15AYPCh. 9.3 - Prob. 16AYPCh. 9.3 - Prob. 17AYPCh. 9.4 - What type of ion channel contributes to the...Ch. 9.4 - What are the two types of gated ion channels in...Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 20AYPCh. 9.4 - Prob. 21AYPCh. 9.4 - List the two types of voltage-gated channels the...Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 23AYPCh. 9.4 - Prob. 24AYPCh. 9.4 - Prob. 25AYPCh. 9.4 - Prob. 26AYPCh. 9.4 - Describe the structure of a neuromuscular...Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 28AYPCh. 9.4 - Prob. 29AYPCh. 9.4 - Prob. 30AYPCh. 9.4 - Prob. 31AYPCh. 9.4 - What ion is necessary for movement of the...Ch. 9.4 - Describe the steps in cross-bridge cycling. How is...Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 34AYPCh. 9.5 - List the phases of a muscle twitch, and describe...Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 36AYPCh. 9.5 - Prob. 37AYPCh. 9.5 - Prob. 38AYPCh. 9.5 - Prob. 39AYPCh. 9.5 - How does the lack of on unresponsive period in...Ch. 9.5 - Distinguish between active tension and passive...Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 42AYPCh. 9.5 - Prob. 43AYPCh. 9.5 - What is muscle tone, and how is it maintained?Ch. 9.6 - Contrast the structural and physiological...Ch. 9.6 - Prob. 46AYPCh. 9.6 - Prob. 47AYPCh. 9.6 - What factors contribute to increases in muscle...Ch. 9.6 - Prob. 49AYPCh. 9.6 - Prob. 50AYPCh. 9.7 - What is fatigue? List the three locations where...Ch. 9.7 - Prob. 52AYPCh. 9.7 - Prob. 53AYPCh. 9.7 - List the energy sources used to synthesize ATP for...Ch. 9.7 - Prob. 55AYPCh. 9.7 - Prob. 56AYPCh. 9.7 - Prob. 57AYPCh. 9.7 - Prob. 58AYPCh. 9.8 - Describe a typical smooth muscle cell. How do its...Ch. 9.8 - Prob. 60AYPCh. 9.8 - Prob. 61AYPCh. 9.8 - Compare visceral smooth muscle and multiunit...Ch. 9.8 - Prob. 63AYPCh. 9.8 - Prob. 64AYPCh. 9.8 - How are spontoneous contractions produced in...Ch. 9.8 - Prob. 66AYPCh. 9.8 - Prob. 67AYPCh. 9.8 - Prob. 68AYPCh. 9.9 - Prob. 69AYPCh. 9.9 - Prob. 70AYPCh. 9.10 - Prob. 71AYPCh. 9 - Which of these is true of skeletal muscle? a....Ch. 9 - Prob. 2RACCh. 9 - Prob. 3RACCh. 9 - Each myofibril Is made up of many muscle fibers....Ch. 9 - Prob. 5RACCh. 9 - Which of these statements about the molecular...Ch. 9 - Prob. 7RACCh. 9 - Prob. 8RACCh. 9 - Prob. 9RACCh. 9 - Prob. 10RACCh. 9 - Prob. 11RACCh. 9 - Prob. 12RACCh. 9 - Prob. 13RACCh. 9 - With stimuli of increasing strength, which of...Ch. 9 - Considering the force of contraction of a skeletal...Ch. 9 - Which of these events occurs during the lag...Ch. 9 - Prob. 17RACCh. 9 - Prob. 18RACCh. 9 - Given the conditions: (1) low ATP levels (2)...Ch. 9 - Prob. 20RACCh. 9 - Prob. 21RACCh. 9 - Prob. 22RACCh. 9 - Prob. 23RACCh. 9 - Prob. 24RACCh. 9 - Which of these statements concerning aging and...Ch. 9 - Prob. 1CTCh. 9 - A patient is thought to be suffering from either...Ch. 9 - Design an experiment to test the following...Ch. 9 - Explain what is happening at the level of...Ch. 9 - Predict the shape of an active tension curve for...Ch. 9 - Prob. 6CTCh. 9 - Prob. 7CTCh. 9 - Prob. 8CTCh. 9 - Prob. 9CTCh. 9 - Prob. 10CTCh. 9 - Prob. 11CTCh. 9 - Prob. 12CT
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- A post-synaptic cell responds to an incoming signal by opening chloride gates. What will be the outcome? The cell will remain the same. The cell will depolarize. The cell will hyperpolarize.arrow_forwardWhich of the following phases of an action potential is correctly matched with the changes in ion movement and membrane potential? All of these are correctly matched. Phase 1 – sodium movement into the cell Phase 3 – potassium movement into the cell Phase 2 – sodium movement out of the cellarrow_forwardA cell biologist is performing an experiment using the voltage clamp method in which they are allowed to change the voltage in the membrane potential. They are wanting to record potassium currents and notice that for a certain membrane potential range, the voltage clamp highlights that there is an inward current of potassium. Would these readings make sense?arrow_forward
- If the neuron is stimulated such that its membrane potential changes to 50 mV, what is the sign of the driving force for Cl- ions and in which direction will these ions move across the membrane? Positive driving force; Cl- moves into the cell Positive driving force; Cl- moves out of the cell Negative driving force; Cl- moves into the cell Negative driving force; Cl- moves out of the cellarrow_forwardRepolarization occurs because Multiple Choice more sodium ions diffuse into the cell than potassium ions diffuse out of it. potassium ions continue to diffuse out of the cell after the inactivation gates of the voltage-gated sodium ion channels begin to close. the increased potassium ion permeability lasts slightly longer than the time required to bring the membrane potential back to its resting level. the extra efflux of potassium ions causes the membrane potential to become slightly more positive than the resting value. the inactivation gates of the voltage-gated sodium ion channels begin to open and the diffusion of sodium ions decreases.arrow_forwardBinding of molecules elicits a conformational change that allows the entry of resulting in the depolarization of the effector cell. O Ach, Cat O2 Ach, Na+ O Ach, Na+ O2 Ach, Catarrow_forward
- An action potential is regarded as an example of positive feedback. Which of the following examples below best illustrates the positive feedback aspect of an action potential? Voltage gated potassium ion channels open slowly and remain open long enough to cause hyperpolarization The sodium potassium pump consistently moves ions as long as ATP is available, and regardless of membrane potential changes. A threshold stimulus will cause the opening of voltage gated sodium ion channels that will cause further depolarization by opening still more voltage gated sodium ion channels along the axon.arrow_forwardAt rest, a neuron has a lower concentration of sodium than the surrounding fluid. The neuron also has a higher concentration of potassium inside the cell. The sodium-potassium ion pump is used to maintain the neuron in the resting state. Which of the following statements is true? O A. Remaining at rest requires the use of ATP. O B. Remaining at rest requires an input of sodium. O C. Remaining at rest requires the activation of cotransporters. O D. Remaining at rest requires decreased permeability of the membrane. ered MacBook Air 吕0 F3 D00 F4 F1 F2 F5 F6 E7 $ % & 4 5 6 23 3arrow_forwardIn excitable cells, such as neurons, K+ is held at a much higher concentration inside the cell than outside. Which of the following would hold K+ at this concentration?arrow_forward
- The membrane potential caused by differences in ions across the plasma membrane of an electrically excitable cell (when not stimulated) is called: action potential resting membrane potential graded potential local potentialarrow_forwardThe interior of a neuron's plasma membrane at resting membrane potential will have a positive charge and contains less sodium than outside of the cell positive charge and contains more sodium than outside the cell negative charge and contains less sodium than outside the cell O negative charge and contains more sodium than outside the cellarrow_forwardIf potassium permeability increases the cell depolarizes the cell hyperpolarizes voltage gated ion channels open an action potential occurs more than one of the above is correctarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305112100Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...
Biology
ISBN:9781285866932
Author:Lauralee Sherwood
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305112100
Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Necrosis vs. Apoptosis: Cell Death; Author: AMBOSS: Medical Knowledge Distilled;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zFrBwGfOQs0;License: Standard Youtube License