How the rate of the reaction between bromomethane and hydroxide ion be affected when the concentration of the alkyl halide is not changed and the concentration of the nucleophile is tripled has to be explained. Concept Introduction: The relationship between the rate of the reaction and concentrations of the given nucleophile and alkyl halide can be represented as follows. Rate α [ alkyl halide ] [ nucleophile ] Thus, rate = k[alkyl halide][nucleophile] , Where, k is the rate constant.

Question

(a 4 shows scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of extruded actions of packing bed for two capillary columns of different diameters, al 750 (bottom image) and b) 30-μm-i.d. Both columns are packed with the same stationary phase, spherical particles with 1-um diameter. A) When the columns were prepared, the figure shows that the column with the larger diameter has more packing irregularities. Explain this observation. B) Predict what affect this should have on band broadening and discuss your prediction using the van Deemter terms. C) Does this figure support your explanations in application question 33? Explain why or why not and make any changes in your answers in light of this figure. Figure 4 SEM images of sections of packed columns for a) 750 and b) 30-um-i.d. capillary columns.³

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 9.1, Problem 3P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

How the rate of the reaction between bromomethane and hydroxide ion be affected when the concentration of the alkyl halide is not changed and the concentration of the nucleophile is tripled has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The relationship between the rate of the reaction and concentrations of the given nucleophile and alkyl halide can be represented as follows.

Rate α [alkyl halide][nucleophile]

Thus,

rate = k[alkyl halide][nucleophile] ,

Where, k is the rate constant.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

How the rate of the reaction between bromomethane and hydroxide ion be affected when the concentration of the alkyl halide is cut in half and the concentration of the nucleophile is not changed has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The relationship between the rate of the reaction and concentrations of the given nucleophile and alkyl halide can be represented as follows.

Rate α [alkyl halide][nucleophile]

Thus,

rate = k[alkyl halide][nucleophile] ,

Where, k is the rate constant.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

How the rate of the reaction between bromomethane and hydroxide ion be affected when the concentration of the alkyl halide is cut in half and the concentration of the nucleophile is doubled has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The relationship between the rate of the reaction and concentrations of the given nucleophile and alkyl halide can be represented as follows.

Rate α [alkyl halide][nucleophile]

Thus,

rate = k[alkyl halide][nucleophile] ,

Where, k is the rate constant.

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(a 4 shows scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of extruded actions of packing bed for two capillary columns of different diameters, al 750 (bottom image) and b) 30-μm-i.d. Both columns are packed with the same stationary phase, spherical particles with 1-um diameter. A) When the columns were prepared, the figure shows that the column with the larger diameter has more packing irregularities. Explain this observation. B) Predict what affect this should have on band broadening and discuss your prediction using the van Deemter terms. C) Does this figure support your explanations in application question 33? Explain why or why not and make any changes in your answers in light of this figure. Figure 4 SEM images of sections of packed columns for a) 750 and b) 30-um-i.d. capillary columns.³

fcrip = ↓ bandwidth Il temp 32. What impact (increase, decrease, or no change) does each of the following conditions have on the individual components of the van Deemter equation and consequently, band broadening? Increase temperature Longer column Using a gas mobile phase instead of liquid Smaller particle stationary phase Multiple Paths Diffusion Mass Transfer

34. Figure 3 shows Van Deemter plots for a solute molecule using different column inner diameters (i.d.). A) Predict whether decreasing the column inner diameters increase or decrease bandwidth. B) Predict which van Deemter equation coefficient (A, B, or C) has the greatest effect on increasing or decreasing bandwidth as a function of i.d. and justify your answer. Figure 3 Van Deemter plots for hydroquinone using different column inner diameters (i.d. in μm). The data was obtained from liquid chromatography experiments using fused-silica capillary columns packed with 1.0-μm particles. 35 20 H(um) 큰 20 15 90 0+ 1500 100 75 550 01 02 594 05 μ(cm/sec) 30 15 10

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 9.1, Problem 3P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

How the rate of the reaction between bromomethane and hydroxide ion be affected when the concentration of the alkyl halide is not changed and the concentration of the nucleophile is tripled has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The relationship between the rate of the reaction and concentrations of the given nucleophile and alkyl halide can be represented as follows.

Rate α [alkyl halide][nucleophile]

Thus,

rate = k[alkyl halide][nucleophile] ,

Where, k is the rate constant.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

How the rate of the reaction between bromomethane and hydroxide ion be affected when the concentration of the alkyl halide is cut in half and the concentration of the nucleophile is not changed has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The relationship between the rate of the reaction and concentrations of the given nucleophile and alkyl halide can be represented as follows.

Rate α [alkyl halide][nucleophile]

Thus,

rate = k[alkyl halide][nucleophile] ,

Where, k is the rate constant.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

How the rate of the reaction between bromomethane and hydroxide ion be affected when the concentration of the alkyl halide is cut in half and the concentration of the nucleophile is doubled has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The relationship between the rate of the reaction and concentrations of the given nucleophile and alkyl halide can be represented as follows.

Rate α [alkyl halide][nucleophile]

Thus,

rate = k[alkyl halide][nucleophile] ,

Where, k is the rate constant.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 9.1, Problem 3P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

How the rate of the reaction between bromomethane and hydroxide ion be affected when the concentration of the alkyl halide is not changed and the concentration of the nucleophile is tripled has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The relationship between the rate of the reaction and concentrations of the given nucleophile and alkyl halide can be represented as follows.

Rate α [alkyl halide][nucleophile]

Thus,

rate = k[alkyl halide][nucleophile] ,

Where, k is the rate constant.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

How the rate of the reaction between bromomethane and hydroxide ion be affected when the concentration of the alkyl halide is cut in half and the concentration of the nucleophile is not changed has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The relationship between the rate of the reaction and concentrations of the given nucleophile and alkyl halide can be represented as follows.

Rate α [alkyl halide][nucleophile]

Thus,

rate = k[alkyl halide][nucleophile] ,

Where, k is the rate constant.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

How the rate of the reaction between bromomethane and hydroxide ion be affected when the concentration of the alkyl halide is cut in half and the concentration of the nucleophile is doubled has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The relationship between the rate of the reaction and concentrations of the given nucleophile and alkyl halide can be represented as follows.

Rate α [alkyl halide][nucleophile]

Thus,

rate = k[alkyl halide][nucleophile] ,

Where, k is the rate constant.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 9.1, Problem 3P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

How the rate of the reaction between bromomethane and hydroxide ion be affected when the concentration of the alkyl halide is not changed and the concentration of the nucleophile is tripled has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The relationship between the rate of the reaction and concentrations of the given nucleophile and alkyl halide can be represented as follows.

Rate α [alkyl halide][nucleophile]

Thus,

rate = k[alkyl halide][nucleophile] ,

Where, k is the rate constant.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

How the rate of the reaction between bromomethane and hydroxide ion be affected when the concentration of the alkyl halide is cut in half and the concentration of the nucleophile is not changed has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The relationship between the rate of the reaction and concentrations of the given nucleophile and alkyl halide can be represented as follows.

Rate α [alkyl halide][nucleophile]

Thus,

rate = k[alkyl halide][nucleophile] ,

Where, k is the rate constant.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

How the rate of the reaction between bromomethane and hydroxide ion be affected when the concentration of the alkyl halide is cut in half and the concentration of the nucleophile is doubled has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The relationship between the rate of the reaction and concentrations of the given nucleophile and alkyl halide can be represented as follows.

Rate α [alkyl halide][nucleophile]

Thus,

rate = k[alkyl halide][nucleophile] ,

Where, k is the rate constant.

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Answer 5

Chapter 9.1, Problem 3P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

How the rate of the reaction between bromomethane and hydroxide ion be affected when the concentration of the alkyl halide is not changed and the concentration of the nucleophile is tripled has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The relationship between the rate of the reaction and concentrations of the given nucleophile and alkyl halide can be represented as follows.

Rate α [alkyl halide][nucleophile]

Thus,

rate = k[alkyl halide][nucleophile] ,

Where, k is the rate constant.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

How the rate of the reaction between bromomethane and hydroxide ion be affected when the concentration of the alkyl halide is cut in half and the concentration of the nucleophile is not changed has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The relationship between the rate of the reaction and concentrations of the given nucleophile and alkyl halide can be represented as follows.

Rate α [alkyl halide][nucleophile]

Thus,

rate = k[alkyl halide][nucleophile] ,

Where, k is the rate constant.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

How the rate of the reaction between bromomethane and hydroxide ion be affected when the concentration of the alkyl halide is cut in half and the concentration of the nucleophile is doubled has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The relationship between the rate of the reaction and concentrations of the given nucleophile and alkyl halide can be represented as follows.

Rate α [alkyl halide][nucleophile]

Thus,

rate = k[alkyl halide][nucleophile] ,

Where, k is the rate constant.

Answer 6

Chapter 9.1, Problem 3P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

How the rate of the reaction between bromomethane and hydroxide ion be affected when the concentration of the alkyl halide is not changed and the concentration of the nucleophile is tripled has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The relationship between the rate of the reaction and concentrations of the given nucleophile and alkyl halide can be represented as follows.

Rate α [alkyl halide][nucleophile]

Thus,

rate = k[alkyl halide][nucleophile] ,

Where, k is the rate constant.

Answer 7

Chapter 9.1, Problem 3P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

How the rate of the reaction between bromomethane and hydroxide ion be affected when the concentration of the alkyl halide is not changed and the concentration of the nucleophile is tripled has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The relationship between the rate of the reaction and concentrations of the given nucleophile and alkyl halide can be represented as follows.

Rate α [alkyl halide][nucleophile]

Thus,

rate = k[alkyl halide][nucleophile] ,

Where, k is the rate constant.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

How the rate of the reaction between bromomethane and hydroxide ion be affected when the concentration of the alkyl halide is cut in half and the concentration of the nucleophile is not changed has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The relationship between the rate of the reaction and concentrations of the given nucleophile and alkyl halide can be represented as follows.

Rate α [alkyl halide][nucleophile]

Thus,

rate = k[alkyl halide][nucleophile] ,

Where, k is the rate constant.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

How the rate of the reaction between bromomethane and hydroxide ion be affected when the concentration of the alkyl halide is cut in half and the concentration of the nucleophile is not changed has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The relationship between the rate of the reaction and concentrations of the given nucleophile and alkyl halide can be represented as follows.

Rate α [alkyl halide][nucleophile]

Thus,

rate = k[alkyl halide][nucleophile] ,

Where, k is the rate constant.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

How the rate of the reaction between bromomethane and hydroxide ion be affected when the concentration of the alkyl halide is cut in half and the concentration of the nucleophile is doubled has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The relationship between the rate of the reaction and concentrations of the given nucleophile and alkyl halide can be represented as follows.

Rate α [alkyl halide][nucleophile]

Thus,

rate = k[alkyl halide][nucleophile] ,

Where, k is the rate constant.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

How the rate of the reaction between bromomethane and hydroxide ion be affected when the concentration of the alkyl halide is cut in half and the concentration of the nucleophile is doubled has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The relationship between the rate of the reaction and concentrations of the given nucleophile and alkyl halide can be represented as follows.

Rate α [alkyl halide][nucleophile]

Thus,

rate = k[alkyl halide][nucleophile] ,

Where, k is the rate constant.

Answer 12

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Answer 23

Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 3P Ch. 9.1 - Does increasing the energy barrier for an SN2...Ch. 9.1 - Rank the following alkyl bromides from most...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 8P Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 9P Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 10P Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 11P Ch. 9.2 - Which substitution reaction lakes place more...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 14P Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 16P

Solution Summary: The author explains how the rate of reaction between bromomethane and hydroxide ion be affected when the concentration of the alkyl halide is not changed.

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