
(a)
Interpretation:
Given species has to be rank from best nucleophile to the poorest nucleophile.
Concept Introduction:
Aprotic solvent are polar solvent molecules which do not have hydrogen bonded to oxygen to nitrogen.
Protic solvent are polar solvent molecules which have hydrogen bonded to oxygen to nitrogen.
The stronger base is always a better nucleophile in an aprotic solvent. When the negatively charged species is placed in aprotic solvent, the solvent molecules arrange themselves with their partially positively charged hydrogens pointing towards the negatively charged species. The interaction between the ion and the dipole of the protic solvent is called an ion-dipole interaction
(b)
Interpretation:
Given species has to be rank from best nucleophile to the poorest nucleophile.
Concept Introduction:
Aprotic solvent are polar solvent molecules which do not have hydrogen bonded to oxygen to nitrogen.
The stronger base is always a better nucleophile in an aprotic solvent.
(c)
Interpretation:
Given species has to be rank from best nucleophile to the poorest nucleophile.
Concept Introduction:
Aprotic solvent are polar solvent molecules which do not have hydrogen bonded to oxygen to nitrogen.
Protic solvent are polar solvent molecules which have hydrogen bonded to oxygen to nitrogen
The stronger base is always a better nucleophile in an aprotic solvent. When the negatively charged species is placed in aprotic solvent, the solvent molecules arrange themselves with their partially positively charged hydrogens pointing towards the negatively charged species. The interaction between the ion and the dipole of the protic solvent is called an ion-dipole interaction
(d)
Interpretation:
Given species has to be rank from best nucleophile to the poorest nucleophile.
Concept Introduction:
Aprotic solvent are polar solvent molecules which do not have hydrogen bonded to oxygen to nitrogen.
Protic solvent are polar solvent molecules which do have hydrogen bonded to oxygen to nitrogen
The stronger base is always a better nucleophile in an aprotic solvent.
When the negatively charged species is placed in aprotic solvent, the solvent molecules arrange themselves with their partially positively charged hydrogens pointing towards the negatively charged species. The interaction between the ion and the dipole of the protic solvent is called an ion-dipole interaction.

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Chapter 9 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
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