Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305957404
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 9, Problem 7ALQ
Compare and contrast the MO model with the local electron model. When is each useful?
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Molecular Orbital Theory -- Diatomics --
Electron Configuration
Using the molecular orbital model, identify the correct
(valence) electron configurations for the following diatomic
species.
A✓
N₂
CN+
Cv №₂+
Dv
CN
Fv F2
A. (025)2(02s*)2(2p)4(02p)²(12p*)1
B. (02s)2(02s+)2(02p)2(2p)4(π2p*)3
C. (025)²(025*)2(π2p)4(020)¹
D. (028)2(02s*)2(02p)2(2p)4(П2p*)2||
E. (025)²(025*)²(2p)4
F. (025)2(025*)2(020)²(2p)4(π2p*)4||
G. (025)²(02s*)2(2p)4(02p)²
3
2
4
5
Consider the following second-period heteronuclear diatomic molecule.
Combining the valence orbitals (2px, 2py, 2pz, and 2s) of each of the two atoms
creates eight new orbitals (one 02s*, one 02s, one 02p, one 02p, two л₂p, and
two л₂p) that span the entire molecule and explain it's electronic properties.
Those eight new orbitals exist at six energy levels.
Rank the molecular orbitals of a F2 molecule from lowest (1) to highest (6)
energy.
Fatom
6- highest
1- lowest
F2 molecule
[Choose ]
[Choose ]
[Choose ]
[Choose ]
[Choose ]
[Choose ]
F atom
Chemistry
Chapter 9 Solutions
Chemistry
Ch. 9 - Why do we hybtidize atomic orbitals to explain the...Ch. 9 - What hybridization is required for central atoms...Ch. 9 - Describe the bonding in H2S, CH4, H2CO and HCN...Ch. 9 - What hybridization is required for central atoms...Ch. 9 - Electrons in bonding molecular orbitals are most...Ch. 9 - What are molecular orbitals? How do they compare...Ch. 9 - Explain the difference between the and MOs for...Ch. 9 - Compare Figs. 4-47 and 4-49. Why are they...Ch. 9 - Which of the following would you expect to be more...Ch. 9 - Draw the Lewis structure for HCN. Indicate the...
Ch. 9 - Which is the more correct statement: The methane...Ch. 9 - Compare and contrast the MO model with the local...Ch. 9 - What are the relationships among bond order, bond...Ch. 9 - The molecules N2 and CO are isoelectronic but...Ch. 9 - Do lone pairs about a central atom affect the...Ch. 9 - In the hybrid orbital model, compare and contrast ...Ch. 9 - In the molecular orbital mode l, compare and...Ch. 9 - Why are d orbitals sometimes used to form hybrid...Ch. 9 - The atoms in a single bond can rotate about the...Ch. 9 - As compared with CO and O2, CS and S2 are very...Ch. 9 - Compare and contrast bonding molecular orbitals...Ch. 9 - What modification to the molecular orbital model...Ch. 9 - Why does the molecular orbital model do a better...Ch. 9 - The three NO bonds in NO3 are all equivalent in...Ch. 9 - Use the localized electron model to describe the...Ch. 9 - Use the localized electron model to describe the...Ch. 9 - Use the localized electron model to describe the...Ch. 9 - Use the localized electron model to describe the...Ch. 9 - The space-filling models of ethane and ethanol are...Ch. 9 - The space-filling models of hydrogen cyanide and...Ch. 9 - Give the expected hybridization of the central...Ch. 9 - Give the expected hybridization of the central...Ch. 9 - Give the expected hybridization of the central...Ch. 9 - Give the expected hybridization of the central...Ch. 9 - For each of the following molecules, write the...Ch. 9 - For each of the following molecules or ions that...Ch. 9 - Prob. 35ECh. 9 - The allene molecule has the following Lewis...Ch. 9 - Indigo is the dye used in coloring blue jeans. The...Ch. 9 - Urea, a compound formed in the liver, is one of...Ch. 9 - Biacetyl and acetoin are added to margarine to...Ch. 9 - Many important compounds in the chemical industry...Ch. 9 - Two molecules used in the polymer industry are...Ch. 9 - Hot and spicy foods contain molecules that...Ch. 9 - One of the first drugs to be approved for use in...Ch. 9 - Minoxidil (C9H15N15O) is a compound produced by...Ch. 9 - Consider the following molecular orbitals formed...Ch. 9 - Sketch the molecular orbital and label its type (...Ch. 9 - Which of the following are predicted by the...Ch. 9 - Which of the following are predicted by the...Ch. 9 - Using the molecular orbital model, write electron...Ch. 9 - Consider the following electron configuration:...Ch. 9 - Using the molecular orbital model to describe the...Ch. 9 - A Lewis structure obeying the octet rule can be...Ch. 9 - Using the molecular orbital model, write electron...Ch. 9 - Using the molecular orbital model, write electron...Ch. 9 - In which of the following diatomic molecules would...Ch. 9 - In terms of the molecular orbital model, which...Ch. 9 - Show how two 2p atomic orbitals can combine to...Ch. 9 - Show how a hydrogen 1s atomic orbital and a...Ch. 9 - Use Figs. 4-54 and 4-55 to answer the following...Ch. 9 - Acetylene (C2H2) can be produced from the reaction...Ch. 9 - Describe the bonding in NO+, NO, and NO, using...Ch. 9 - Describe the bonding in the O3 molecule and the...Ch. 9 - Describe the bonding in the CO32 ion using the...Ch. 9 - Draw the Lewis structures, predict the molecular...Ch. 9 - The antibiotic thiarubin-A was discovered by...Ch. 9 - Two structures can be drawn for cyanuric acid: a....Ch. 9 - Give the expected hybridization for the molecular...Ch. 9 - Vitamin B6 is an organic compound whose deficiency...Ch. 9 - Aspartame is an artificial sweetener marketed...Ch. 9 - Prob. 73AECh. 9 - The three most stable oxides of carbon are carbon...Ch. 9 - Complete the following resonance structures for...Ch. 9 - Prob. 77AECh. 9 - The transport of O2 in the blood is carried out by...Ch. 9 - Using molecular orbital theory, explain why the...Ch. 9 - Describe the bonding in the first excited state of...Ch. 9 - Using an MO energy-level diagram, would you expect...Ch. 9 - Show how a dxz. atomic orbital and a pz, atomic...Ch. 9 - What type of molecular orbital would result from...Ch. 9 - Consider three molecules: A, B, and C. Molecule A...Ch. 9 - Draw the Lewis structures for TeCl4, ICl5, PCl5,...Ch. 9 - A variety of chlorine oxide fluorides and related...Ch. 9 - Pelargondin is the molecule responsible for the...Ch. 9 - Complete a Lewis structure for the compound shown...Ch. 9 - Which of the following statements concerning SO2...Ch. 9 - Consider the molecular orbital electron...Ch. 9 - Place the species B2+ , B2, and B2 in order of...Ch. 9 - Consider the following computer-generated model of...Ch. 9 - Cholesterol (C27liu;O) has the following...Ch. 9 - Cyanamide (H2NCN), an important industrial...Ch. 9 - A flask containing gaseous N2 is irradiated with...Ch. 9 - Values of measured bond energies may vary greatly...Ch. 9 - Use the MO model to explain the bonding in BeH2....Ch. 9 - Prob. 101CPCh. 9 - Arrange the following from lowest to highest...Ch. 9 - Use the MO model to determine which of the...Ch. 9 - Given that the ionization energy of F2 is 290...Ch. 9 - Carbon monoxide (CO) forms bonds to a variety of...Ch. 9 - Prob. 106CPCh. 9 - As the bead engineer of your starship in charge of...Ch. 9 - Determine the molecular structure and...Ch. 9 - Although nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) is a thermally...
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- Using the MO model to predict bond order and paramagnetism Complete the table below, which lists information about some diatomic molecule In particular: • Decide whether each molecule is stable or not. • Decide whether each molecule would be diamagnetic or paramagnetic. • Calculate each molecule's bond order. diamagnetic or paramagnetic? molecule stable? bond order Oyes diamagnetic no paramagnetic yes O diamagnetic Be, O paramagnetic no yes O diamagnetic F2 O paramagnetic no Explanation Check Type here to searcharrow_forwardStudy the following sketch of a molecular orbital (MO) in a homonuclear diatomic molecule. This MO was formed by combining one 2p atomic orbital from atom. The dark dots in this sketch are the nuclei. Now use the sketch to complete the table below. Write the symbol for this MO. Is this a bonding or antibonding MO? What is the energy of this MO, compared to the energy of a 2p orbital on one of the separate 0 Obonding antibonding O higher Olower the same not enough information to decide D 8 70 % 9arrow_forwardO ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE AND CHEMICAL BONDING Daniela Using the MO model to predict bond order and paramagnetism Complete the table below, which lists information about some diatomic molecules or molecular ions. In particular: • Decide whether each molecule is stable or not. Decide whether each molecule would be diamagnetic or paramagnetic. • Calculate each molecule's bond order. ol. diamagnetic or paramagnetic? molecule stable? bond order Ar yes diamagnetic Li, no paramagnetic yes diamagnetic no paramagnetic yes diamagnetic Не, no paramagnetic Explanation Check © 2021 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use Privacy Center | Accessibility 11:00 PM O Type here to search a 4) 12/5/2021 (8) 近arrow_forward
- Study the following sketch of a molecular orbital (MO) in a homonuclear diatomic molecule. This MO was formed by combining one 3s atomic orbital from each atom. The dark dots in this sketch are the nuclei. Now use the sketch to complete the table below. Write the symbol for this MO. Is this a bonding or antibonding MO? bonding What is the energy of this MO, compared to the energy of a 3s orbital on one of the separate atoms? antibonding higher lower the same not enough information to decide σ Π х Garrow_forwardwhy do the real bond angles differ from the theoretical model values?arrow_forwarda MO energy diagram with two electrons in sigma 2s two electrons in sigma 2s* and four electrons in pi 2p orbitals matches which homonuclear diatomic molecule? C2 F2 B2 O2 Ne2 or N2arrow_forward
- Study the following sketch of a molecular orbital (MO) in a homonuclear diatomic molecule. This MO was formed by combining one 2s atomic orbital from each atom. The dark dots in this sketch are the nuclei. Now use the sketch to complete the table below. Write the symbol for this MO. Is this a bonding or antibonding MO? What is the energy of this MO, compared to the energy of a 2s orbital on one of the separate atoms? 0 O bonding O antibonding O higher O lower O the same O not enough information to decide O 00 X B 9 S 0arrow_forwardStudy the following sketch of a molecular orbital (MO) in a homonuclear diatomic molecule. This MO was formed by combining one 2p atomic orbital from each atom. The dark dots in this sketch are the nuclei. Now use the sketch to complete the table below. Write the symbol for this MO. Is this a bonding or antibonding MO? What is the energy of this MO, compared to the energy of a 2p orbital on one of the separate atoms? ☐ O bonding O antibonding ○ higher O lower the same not enough information to decide σ Π = olo Ar 8-arrow_forwardStudy the following sketch of a molecular orbital (MO) in a homonuclear diatomic molecule. This MO was formed by combining one 1s atomic orbital from each atom. The dark dots in this sketch are the nuclei. Now use the sketch to complete the table below. Write the symbol for this MO. Is this a bonding or antibonding MO? What is the energy of this MO, compared to the energy of a 1s orbital on one of the separate atoms? 0 bonding antibonding higher lower the same not enough information to decide O On X a Ś * ? 00. 18 Ararrow_forward
- I. Draw the molecular orbital diagram for the valence electrons in the generic, diatomic ion X22+. Each neutral atom of X contains 5 valence electrons. Use the "reversed" energy ordering (for B2, C2, N2) where o2p is higher in energy than n2p. The diagram has been started for you below. Label all molecular orbitals. Energy 2p 2p 2s 2s X atom Molecule X atom II. Calculate the bond order of X2*. III. How would the bond length and bond strength of X22+ compare with neutral X2? Briefly explain why (in about 1 sentence).arrow_forwardStudy the following sketch of a molecular orbital (MO) in a homonuclear diatomic molecule. This MO was formed by combining one 3s atomic orbital from each atom. The dark dots in this sketch are the nuclei. Now use the sketch to complete the table below. Write the symbol for this MO. JT Is this a bonding or antibonding MO? bonding antibonding higher ? What is the energy of this MO, compared to the energy of a 3s orbital on one of the separate atoms? lower the same not enough information to decide Subm Tems 2019 McGraw Hil Education Al Rights Reserved Continue MacBook Pro DII F8 F9 F7 O OOarrow_forwardStudy the following sketch of a molecular orbital (MO) in a homonuclear diatomic molecule. This MO was formed by combining one 3p atomic orbital from each atom. The dark dots in this sketch are the nuclei. Now use the sketch to complete the table below. Write the symbol for this MO. Is this a bonding or antibonding MO? What is the energy of this MO, compared to the energy of a 3p orbital on one of the separate. atoms? 0 O bonding O antibonding O higher O lower O the same not enough information to decide O 2 00 X 2 뮤 0 Śarrow_forward
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