Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305957404
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 9, Problem 42E
Hot and spicy foods contain molecules that stimulate paindetecting nerve endings. Two such molecules are piperine and capsaicin:
Piperine
Capsaicin
Piperine is the active compound in white and black pepper, and capsaicin is the active compound in chili peppers. The ring structures in piperine and capsaicin are shorthand notation. Each point where lines meet represents a carbon atom.
a. Complete the Lewis structure for piperine and capsaicin, showing all lone pairs of electrons.
b. How many carbon atoms ate sp, sp2, and sp3 hybridized in each molecule?
c. Which hybrid orbitals are used by the nitrogen atoms in each molecule?
d. Give approximate values for the bond angles marked a through l in the above structures.
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Decide whether the Lewis structure proposed for each molecule is reasonable or not. Note: If two or more atoms have the wrong number of valence electrons around them, just enter the chemical symbol for the atom as many times as necessary. For example, if two oxygen atoms have the wrong number of electrons around them, enter the symbol O twice.
Predicting deviations from ideal bond angles
Consider the nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) molecule.
What is the central atom? Enter its chemical symbol.
How many lone pairs are around the central atom?
What is the ideal angle between the nitrogen-fluorine
bonds?
Compared to the ideal angle, you would expect the
actual angle between the nitrogen-fluorine bonds to
be ...
0
口。
(choose one)
(choose one)
about the same
bigger
smaller
2. From the models of SF4, BrF3, and XeF4, deduce whether different atom arrangement, called
geometrical isomers, are possible; if so, sketch them below. Indicate the preferred geometry
for each case and suggest a reason for your choice. Indicate which structures have dipole
moments and show their direction,
Preferred
Molecular
Compound
Electron
Dipole
Reason
Geometry
Moment
(Polarity) geometry
SF4
BRF3
XeF4
3. Using the Lewis structure predict the geometrical structures of the following ions and state
the hybridization of the central atom.
Ion
Electron Geometry
Molecular
Formal Charge
Central Atom
Geometry
of Central
Hybridization
Atom
CO32-
NO3-
BF4
Chapter 9 Solutions
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