Chapter 8.3, Problem 14E

Testing the Difference Between Two Means In Exercises 9–20, (a) identify the claim and state H₀ and H_a, (b) find the critical value(s) and identify the rejection region(s), (c) calculate $\bar{d}$ and s_d, (d) find the standardized test statistic t, (e) decide whether to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis, and (f) interpret the decision in the context of the original claim. Assume the samples are random and dependent, and the populations are normally distributed.

14. Therapeutic Taping A physical therapist claims that the use of a specific type of therapeutic tape reduces pain in patients with chronic tennis elbow. The table shows the pain levels on a scale of 0 to 10, where 0 is no pain and 10 is the worst pain possible, for 15 patients with chronic tennis elbow when holding a 1 kilogram weight. At α = 0.05, is there enough evidence to support the therapist’s claim? (Adapted from BioMed Central, Ltd.)