Chapter 8, Problem 8.77P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The number of moles of solute required to prepare of $\text{0}\text{.25 M}{\text{NaNO}}_3$ is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Several concentration units may be used to express the concentration. It is often useful to express the concentration in terms of percentage. This can be expressed as the amount of solute in grams dissolved in $100\text{ mL}$ of solution that is termed as weight by volume percentage. This is useful to express the concentration of solid solutes. The other way is to express the number of milliliters of solute per $100\text{ mL}$ of the solution. This is called the volume /volume percentage which is useful to express the concentrations of liquid solutes.

The formula to calculate molarity is given as follows:

  $\text{Molarity}\left(\text{mol/L}\right)=\frac{\text{number of moles}}{\text{volume}\left(\text{L}\right)}$

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The number of moles of ${\text{HNO}}_3$ required to prepare $45\text{ mL}$ of $\text{2 M}{\text{HNO}}_3$ is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Several concentration units may be used to express the concentration. It is often useful to express the concentration in terms of percentage. This can be expressed as the amount of solute in grams dissolved in $100\text{ mL}$ of solution that is termed as weight by volume percentage. This is useful to express the concentration of solid solutes. The other way is to express the number of milliliters of solute per $100\text{ mL}$ of the solution. This is called the volume /volume percentage which is useful to express the concentrations of liquid solutes.

The formula to calculate molarity is given as follows:

  $\text{Molarity}\left(\text{mol/L}\right)=\frac{\text{number of moles}}{\text{volume}\left(\text{L}\right)}$

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The number of moles of $\text{HCl}$ required to prepare $2.5\text{ L}$ of $\text{1}\text{.5 M}\text{HCl}$ is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Several concentration units may be used to express the concentration. It is often useful to express the concentration in terms of percentage. This can be expressed as the amount of solute in grams dissolved in $100\text{ mL}$ of solution that is termed as weight by volume percentage. This is useful to express the concentration of solid solutes. The other way is to express the number of milliliters of solute per $100\text{ mL}$ of the solution. This is called the volume /volume percentage which is useful to express the concentrations of liquid solutes.

The formula to calculate molarity is given as follows:

  $\text{Molarity}\left(\text{mol/L}\right)=\frac{\text{number of moles}}{\text{volume}\left(\text{L}\right)}$