Chapter 8, Problem 8.110CP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The balanced equation for the combustion of isooctane to yield ${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}\text{and}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$ should be given.

Concept introduction:

Balancing a chemical reaction

A chemical equation is the symbolic representation of a chemical equation and the law of conservation of mass states that no atoms can be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction and thus the number of atoms in the right side will be the same as the number of atoms in the left side of a chemical reaction.

In-order to balance a reaction, place the coefficient in front of each atom such as to conserve mass on both sides and the easiest element should be balanced first.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mass of the carbon dioxide gas produced per year should be identified if the density of isooctane is $\text{0}\text{.792}\text{g}/\text{mL}$ and the annual consumption is $\text{4}\text{.6×}{\text{10}}^{\text{10}}\text{L}$.

Concept introduction:

Ideal gas law: The gas law which relates the variables temperature, volume, pressure and the number of molecules and this law can be mathematically expressed as:

$\text{PV}\text{=}\text{nRT}$

It can also be defined as that one mole of any gas contains a volume of $\text{22}\text{.4}\text{L}$ at $\text{0°C}\text{and}\text{1}\text{atm}\text{pressure}$.

The conditions of $\text{0°C}\text{and}\text{1}\text{atm}\text{pressure}$ is called as standard temperature and pressure $\left(\text{STP}\right)$

$\text{Density}\text{=}\frac{\text{mass}}{\text{volume}}$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The volume of ${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}$ in litres at STP should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Ideal gas law: The gas law which relates the variables temperature, volume, pressure and the number of molecules and this law can be mathematically expressed as:

$\text{PV}\text{=}\text{nRT}$

It can also be defined as that one mole of any gas contains a volume of $\text{22}\text{.4}\text{L}$ at $\text{0°C}\text{and}\text{1}\text{atm}\text{pressure}$.

The conditions of $\text{0°C}\text{and}\text{1}\text{atm}\text{pressure}$ is called as standard temperature and pressure $\left(\text{STP}\right)$

$\text{Density}\text{=}\frac{\text{mass}}{\text{volume}}$