The products of the given reaction has to be predicted. Concept Introduction: Effect of delocalized electrons on the product of the reaction: The presence of delocalizes electrons while electrophilic addition or substitution the cation intermediate formed is shifted to stable carbocation form at higher rate, and that leads to the product. Rule: The stabilities of carbocation are, Benzyl cation = allyl cation = 3 ∘ carbocation > 2 ∘ carbocation > 1 ∘ carbocation > methyl cation > vinyl cation Reactions of conjugated dienes: An electrophilic addition reaction to a conjugated diene forms both 1,2-addition and 1,4-addition products because the resonance contributors of the allylic cation give cation carbon and the chances for the nucleophile to attack at the electrophilic centre will occur.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 103P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the given reaction has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Effect of delocalized electrons on the product of the reaction:

The presence of delocalizes electrons while electrophilic addition or substitution the cation intermediate formed is shifted to stable carbocation form at higher rate, and that leads to the product.

Rule: The stabilities of carbocation are,

Benzyl cation = allyl cation = 3∘carbocation > 2∘ carbocation > 1∘ carbocation > methyl cation > vinyl cation

Reactions of conjugated dienes:

An electrophilic addition reaction to a conjugated diene forms both 1,2-addition and 1,4-addition products because the resonance contributors of the allylic cation give cation carbon and the chances for the nucleophile to attack at the electrophilic centre will occur.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible stereoisomers of products generated in the given reaction has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Effect of delocalized electrons on the product of the reaction:

The presence of delocalizes electrons while electrophilic addition or substitution the cation intermediate formed is shifted to stable carbocation form at higher rate, and that leads to the product.

Rule: The stabilities of carbocation are,

Benzyl cation = allyl cation = 3∘carbocation > 2∘ carbocation > 1∘ carbocation > methyl cation > vinyl cation

Reactions of conjugated dienes:

An electrophilic addition reaction to a conjugated diene forms both 1,2-addition and 1,4-addition products because the resonance contributors of the allylic cation give cation carbon and the chances for the nucleophile to attack at the electrophilic centre will occur.

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a. The following compounds have the same molecular formula as benzene. How many monobrominated products could each form? 1. HC‚CC‚CCH2CH3 2. CH2“CHC‚CCH“CH2 b. How many dibrominated products could each of the preceding compounds form? (Do not include stereoisomers.) c. How many dibrominated products could each of the compounds form if stereoisomers are included?

Draw the alkene that would react with the reagent given to account for the product formed. ? + HCI CH3 CH3CCH3 CI • You do not have to consider stereochemistry. • You do not have to explicitly draw H atoms. • In cases where there is more than one answer, just draw one. #[ ] در ChemDoodle

Draw the alkene that would react with the reagent given to account for the product formed. ? + H₂O H₂SO4 CH3 CH3 CHCCH3 OH CH3 • You do not have to consider stereochemistry. • You do not have to explicitly draw H atoms. • In cases where there is more than one answer, just draw one. Sn [F ChemDoodle

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 103P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the given reaction has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Effect of delocalized electrons on the product of the reaction:

The presence of delocalizes electrons while electrophilic addition or substitution the cation intermediate formed is shifted to stable carbocation form at higher rate, and that leads to the product.

Rule: The stabilities of carbocation are,

Benzyl cation = allyl cation = 3∘carbocation > 2∘ carbocation > 1∘ carbocation > methyl cation > vinyl cation

Reactions of conjugated dienes:

An electrophilic addition reaction to a conjugated diene forms both 1,2-addition and 1,4-addition products because the resonance contributors of the allylic cation give cation carbon and the chances for the nucleophile to attack at the electrophilic centre will occur.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible stereoisomers of products generated in the given reaction has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Effect of delocalized electrons on the product of the reaction:

The presence of delocalizes electrons while electrophilic addition or substitution the cation intermediate formed is shifted to stable carbocation form at higher rate, and that leads to the product.

Rule: The stabilities of carbocation are,

Benzyl cation = allyl cation = 3∘carbocation > 2∘ carbocation > 1∘ carbocation > methyl cation > vinyl cation

Reactions of conjugated dienes:

An electrophilic addition reaction to a conjugated diene forms both 1,2-addition and 1,4-addition products because the resonance contributors of the allylic cation give cation carbon and the chances for the nucleophile to attack at the electrophilic centre will occur.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 103P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the given reaction has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Effect of delocalized electrons on the product of the reaction:

The presence of delocalizes electrons while electrophilic addition or substitution the cation intermediate formed is shifted to stable carbocation form at higher rate, and that leads to the product.

Rule: The stabilities of carbocation are,

Benzyl cation = allyl cation = 3∘carbocation > 2∘ carbocation > 1∘ carbocation > methyl cation > vinyl cation

Reactions of conjugated dienes:

An electrophilic addition reaction to a conjugated diene forms both 1,2-addition and 1,4-addition products because the resonance contributors of the allylic cation give cation carbon and the chances for the nucleophile to attack at the electrophilic centre will occur.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible stereoisomers of products generated in the given reaction has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Effect of delocalized electrons on the product of the reaction:

The presence of delocalizes electrons while electrophilic addition or substitution the cation intermediate formed is shifted to stable carbocation form at higher rate, and that leads to the product.

Rule: The stabilities of carbocation are,

Benzyl cation = allyl cation = 3∘carbocation > 2∘ carbocation > 1∘ carbocation > methyl cation > vinyl cation

Reactions of conjugated dienes:

An electrophilic addition reaction to a conjugated diene forms both 1,2-addition and 1,4-addition products because the resonance contributors of the allylic cation give cation carbon and the chances for the nucleophile to attack at the electrophilic centre will occur.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 103P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the given reaction has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Effect of delocalized electrons on the product of the reaction:

The presence of delocalizes electrons while electrophilic addition or substitution the cation intermediate formed is shifted to stable carbocation form at higher rate, and that leads to the product.

Rule: The stabilities of carbocation are,

Benzyl cation = allyl cation = 3∘carbocation > 2∘ carbocation > 1∘ carbocation > methyl cation > vinyl cation

Reactions of conjugated dienes:

An electrophilic addition reaction to a conjugated diene forms both 1,2-addition and 1,4-addition products because the resonance contributors of the allylic cation give cation carbon and the chances for the nucleophile to attack at the electrophilic centre will occur.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible stereoisomers of products generated in the given reaction has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Effect of delocalized electrons on the product of the reaction:

The presence of delocalizes electrons while electrophilic addition or substitution the cation intermediate formed is shifted to stable carbocation form at higher rate, and that leads to the product.

Rule: The stabilities of carbocation are,

Benzyl cation = allyl cation = 3∘carbocation > 2∘ carbocation > 1∘ carbocation > methyl cation > vinyl cation

Reactions of conjugated dienes:

An electrophilic addition reaction to a conjugated diene forms both 1,2-addition and 1,4-addition products because the resonance contributors of the allylic cation give cation carbon and the chances for the nucleophile to attack at the electrophilic centre will occur.

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Answer 5

Chapter 8, Problem 103P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the given reaction has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Effect of delocalized electrons on the product of the reaction:

The presence of delocalizes electrons while electrophilic addition or substitution the cation intermediate formed is shifted to stable carbocation form at higher rate, and that leads to the product.

Rule: The stabilities of carbocation are,

Benzyl cation = allyl cation = 3∘carbocation > 2∘ carbocation > 1∘ carbocation > methyl cation > vinyl cation

Reactions of conjugated dienes:

An electrophilic addition reaction to a conjugated diene forms both 1,2-addition and 1,4-addition products because the resonance contributors of the allylic cation give cation carbon and the chances for the nucleophile to attack at the electrophilic centre will occur.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible stereoisomers of products generated in the given reaction has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Effect of delocalized electrons on the product of the reaction:

The presence of delocalizes electrons while electrophilic addition or substitution the cation intermediate formed is shifted to stable carbocation form at higher rate, and that leads to the product.

Rule: The stabilities of carbocation are,

Benzyl cation = allyl cation = 3∘carbocation > 2∘ carbocation > 1∘ carbocation > methyl cation > vinyl cation

Reactions of conjugated dienes:

An electrophilic addition reaction to a conjugated diene forms both 1,2-addition and 1,4-addition products because the resonance contributors of the allylic cation give cation carbon and the chances for the nucleophile to attack at the electrophilic centre will occur.

Answer 6

Chapter 8, Problem 103P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the given reaction has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Effect of delocalized electrons on the product of the reaction:

The presence of delocalizes electrons while electrophilic addition or substitution the cation intermediate formed is shifted to stable carbocation form at higher rate, and that leads to the product.

Rule: The stabilities of carbocation are,

Benzyl cation = allyl cation = 3∘carbocation > 2∘ carbocation > 1∘ carbocation > methyl cation > vinyl cation

Reactions of conjugated dienes:

An electrophilic addition reaction to a conjugated diene forms both 1,2-addition and 1,4-addition products because the resonance contributors of the allylic cation give cation carbon and the chances for the nucleophile to attack at the electrophilic centre will occur.

Answer 7

Chapter 8, Problem 103P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the given reaction has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Effect of delocalized electrons on the product of the reaction:

The presence of delocalizes electrons while electrophilic addition or substitution the cation intermediate formed is shifted to stable carbocation form at higher rate, and that leads to the product.

Rule: The stabilities of carbocation are,

Benzyl cation = allyl cation = 3∘carbocation > 2∘ carbocation > 1∘ carbocation > methyl cation > vinyl cation

Reactions of conjugated dienes:

An electrophilic addition reaction to a conjugated diene forms both 1,2-addition and 1,4-addition products because the resonance contributors of the allylic cation give cation carbon and the chances for the nucleophile to attack at the electrophilic centre will occur.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible stereoisomers of products generated in the given reaction has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Effect of delocalized electrons on the product of the reaction:

The presence of delocalizes electrons while electrophilic addition or substitution the cation intermediate formed is shifted to stable carbocation form at higher rate, and that leads to the product.

Rule: The stabilities of carbocation are,

Benzyl cation = allyl cation = 3∘carbocation > 2∘ carbocation > 1∘ carbocation > methyl cation > vinyl cation

Reactions of conjugated dienes:

An electrophilic addition reaction to a conjugated diene forms both 1,2-addition and 1,4-addition products because the resonance contributors of the allylic cation give cation carbon and the chances for the nucleophile to attack at the electrophilic centre will occur.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible stereoisomers of products generated in the given reaction has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Effect of delocalized electrons on the product of the reaction:

The presence of delocalizes electrons while electrophilic addition or substitution the cation intermediate formed is shifted to stable carbocation form at higher rate, and that leads to the product.

Rule: The stabilities of carbocation are,

Benzyl cation = allyl cation = 3∘carbocation > 2∘ carbocation > 1∘ carbocation > methyl cation > vinyl cation

Reactions of conjugated dienes:

An electrophilic addition reaction to a conjugated diene forms both 1,2-addition and 1,4-addition products because the resonance contributors of the allylic cation give cation carbon and the chances for the nucleophile to attack at the electrophilic centre will occur.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 1P Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 2P Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 3P Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 4P Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 6P Ch. 8.6 - a. Predict the relative bond lengths of the three...Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 8P Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 9P Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 10P Ch. 8.7 - Prob. 11P

Solution Summary: The author explains the effects of delocalized electrons on the product of the reaction.

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Chapter 8 Solutions