Biochemistry, The Molecular Basis of Life, 6th Edition
Biochemistry, The Molecular Basis of Life, 6th Edition
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780190259204
Author: Trudy McKee, James R. McKee
Publisher: Oxford University Press
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Chapter 7, Problem 36FB
Summary Introduction

To review:

The blank space in the statement, “Oxidation of the aldehyde group of a sugar produces an ________ acid.”

Introduction:

A sugar is the hydrated form of carbon and is also known as a carbohydrate. All sugars contain an aldehyde group, or aketonic group, as the functional group. The oxidation of a sugar involves the addition of the carboxyl group instead of aldehyde as the functional moiety. Sugars can be oxidized by weak oxidizing agents such as Benedict’s reagent.

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After adding a small amount of ATP labeled with radioactive phosphorus in the terminal position, [7-32P]ATP, to a yeast extract, a researcher finds about half of the 32P activity in P; within a few minutes, but the concentration of ATP remains unchanged. She then carries out the same experiment using ATP labeled with 32P in the central position, [ẞ-³2P]ATP, but the 32P does not appear in P; within such a short time. Which statements explain these results? Yeast cells reincorporate P; released from [ß-³2P]ATP into ATP more quickly than P¡ released from [y-³2P]ATP. Only the terminal (y) phosphorous atom acts as an electrophilic target for nucleophilic attack. The terminal (y) phosphoryl group undergoes a more rapid turnover than the central (B) phosphate group. Yeast cells maintain ATP levels by regulating the synthesis and breakdown of ATP. Correct Answer
Compare the structure of the nucleoside triphosphate CTP with the structure of ATP. NH₂ 0- 0- 0- ·P—O—P—O—P—O—CH₂ H H H H OH OH Cytidine triphosphate (CTP) Consider the reaction: ATP + CDP ADP + CTP NH 0- 0- 0- ¯0— P—O— P—O—P-O-CH₂ H Η о H H OH OH Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) NH₂ Now predict the approximate K'eq for this reaction. Now predict the approximate AG for this reaction. N
The standard free energy, AGO, of hydrolysis of inorganic polyphosphate, polyP, is about −20 kJ/mol for each P; released. In a cell, it takes about 50 kJ/mol of energy to synthesize ATP from ADP and Pi. ○ P O Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) Is it feasible for a cell to use polyP to synthesize ATP from ADP? Why or why not? No. The reaction is unidirectional and always proceeds in the direction of polyP synthesis from ATP. Yes. If [ADP] and [polyP] are kept high, and [ATP] is kept low, the actual free-energy change would be negative. No. The synthesis of ATP from ADP and P; has a large positive G'o compared to polyP hydrolysis. Yes. The hydrolysis of polyP has a sufficiently negative AG to overcome the positive AGO of ATP synthesis. Correct Answer
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