(a) Interpretation: The curved arrows are to be used to show the conversion of carbocation A to carbocation B . The new σ bonds formed during the conversion are to be labelled. Concept introduction: Curved arrows aid in determining the movement and flow of electrons in the reaction. The electrons that take part in the chemical reactions are shown by the curved arrows. An electronegative element in the reaction attracts electron toward it. Half headed arrows are used to show the flow of single electrons, while the full headed arrow shows the movement of electron pairs.
(a) Interpretation: The curved arrows are to be used to show the conversion of carbocation A to carbocation B . The new σ bonds formed during the conversion are to be labelled. Concept introduction: Curved arrows aid in determining the movement and flow of electrons in the reaction. The electrons that take part in the chemical reactions are shown by the curved arrows. An electronegative element in the reaction attracts electron toward it. Half headed arrows are used to show the flow of single electrons, while the full headed arrow shows the movement of electron pairs.
Solution Summary: The author illustrates how curved arrows aid in determining the movement and flow of electrons in the reaction.
Definition Definition Transformation of a chemical species into another chemical species. A chemical reaction consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new ones by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
Chapter 6, Problem 6.55P
Interpretation Introduction
(a)
Interpretation: The curved arrows are to be used to show the conversion of carbocation A to carbocation B. The new σ bonds formed during the conversion are to be labelled.
Concept introduction: Curved arrows aid in determining the movement and flow of electrons in the reaction. The electrons that take part in the chemical reactions are shown by the curved arrows. An electronegative element in the reaction attracts electron toward it.
Half headed arrows are used to show the flow of single electrons, while the full headed arrow shows the movement of electron pairs.
Interpretation Introduction
(b)
Interpretation: The product is to be drawn by using the curved arrows.
Concept introduction: Curved arrows aid in determining the movement and flow of electrons in the reaction. The electrons that take part in the chemical reactions are shown by the curved arrows. An electronegative element in the reaction attracts electron toward it.
Half headed arrows are used to show the flow of single electrons, while the full headed arrow shows the movement of electron pairs.
16. The proton NMR spectral information shown in this problem is for a compound with formula
CioH,N. Expansions are shown for the region from 8.7 to 7.0 ppm. The normal carbon-13 spec-
tral results, including DEPT-135 and DEPT-90 results, are tabulated:
7
J
Normal Carbon
DEPT-135
DEPT-90
19 ppm
Positive
No peak
122
Positive
Positive
cus
и
124
Positive
Positive
126
Positive
Positive
128
No peak
No peak
4°
129
Positive
Positive
130
Positive
Positive
(144
No peak
No peak
148
No peak
No peak
150
Positive
Positive
してし
3. Propose a synthesis for the following transformation. Do not draw an arrow-pushing
mechanism below, but make sure to draw the product of each proposed step (3 points).
+ En
CN
CN