ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781259977596
Author: SMITH
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 6, Problem 6.38P
Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The starting material or product which is favored at equilibrium is to be identified.

Concept introduction: The change in Gibbs free energy is represented by ΔG°. It is a state function. The value of ΔG° depends on Keq. The free energy change is calculated as,

ΔG°=2.303RTlogKeq

If the ΔG° is greater than zero and Keq is smaller than one, then the formation of starting material is favored at equilibrium. However, if the ΔG° is smaller than zero and Keq is greater than one, the formation of product is favored at equilibrium.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 6.38P

The formation of starting material is favored at the given value of Keq.

Explanation of Solution

Given

The value of Keq is 0.5.

The given value of Keq is smaller than 1. It implies that the concentration of the starting material is comparatively higher than that of the product at equilibrium. Therefore, the formation of starting material is favored at equilibrium.

Conclusion

(a) The formation of starting material is favored at the given value of Keq.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The starting material or product which is favored at equilibrium is to be identified.

Concept introduction: The change in Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy is represented by ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° respectively. They are state functions. The relation of ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° is shown as,

ΔG°=ΔH°TΔS°

The change in Gibbs free energy describes the spontaneity of the reaction. The change in enthalpy describes the relative bond strength in the substance, whereas the change in entropy describes the randomness in the system.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 6.38P

The formation of the productis favored at the given value of ΔG°.

Explanation of Solution

Given:

The value of ΔG° is 100kJ/mol.

The given value of ΔG° is negative. The reaction becomes spontaneous if ΔG° has negative value. Therefore, for the given value of ΔG°, the formation of the product is favored at equilibrium.

Conclusion

The formation of the product is favored at the given value of ΔG°.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The starting material or product which is favored at equilibrium is to be identified.

Concept introduction: The change in Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy is represented by ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° respectively. They are state functions. The relation of ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° is shown as,

ΔG°=ΔH°TΔS°

The change in Gibbs free energy describes the spontaneity of the reaction. The change in enthalpy describes the relative bond strength in the substance, whereas the change in entropy describes the randomness in the system.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 6.38P

The formation of the starting material is favoredat the given values of ΔH°.

Explanation of Solution

Given

The values of ΔH° are 8.0kJ/mol and 200kJ/mol.

The given values of ΔH° are positive. It indicates that bond strength in starting material is stronger than bond strength in the product. Therefore, the breaking of bonds in the starting material becomes difficult. Therefore, the formation of the starting material is favored at equilibrium.

Conclusion

The formation of the starting material is favouredat the given values of ΔH°.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The starting material or product which is favored at equilibrium is to be identified.

Concept introduction: The change in Gibbs free energy is represented by ΔG°. It is a state function. The value of ΔG° depends on Keq. The free energy change is calculated as,

ΔG°=2.303RTlogKeq

If the ΔG° is greater than zero and Keq is smaller than one, then the formation of starting material is favored at equilibrium. However, if the ΔG° is smaller than zero and Keq is greater than one, the formation of product is favored at equilibrium.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 6.38P

The formation of the productis favored at the given value of Keq.

Explanation of Solution

Given

The value of Keq is 16.

The given value of Keq is greater than 1. It implies that the concentration of the starting material is comparatively lower than that of the product. Therefore, the formation of product is favored at equilibrium.

Conclusion

The formation of the product is favored at the given value of Keq.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation: The starting material or product which is favored at equilibrium is to be identified.

Concept introduction: The change in Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy is represented by ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° respectively. They are state functions. The relation of ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° is shown as,

ΔG°=ΔH°TΔS°

The change in Gibbs free energy describes the spontaneity of the reaction. The change in enthalpy describes the relative bond strength in the substance, whereas the change in entropy describes the randomness in the system.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 6.38P

The formation of the starting materialis favored at the given value of ΔG°.

Explanation of Solution

Given

The value of ΔG° is 2.0kJ/mol.

The given value of ΔG° is positive. The reaction becomes spontaneous if ΔG° has negative Value. Therefore, at the given value of ΔG° the formation of the starting material is favored at equilibrium.

Conclusion

The formation of the starting material is favored at the given value of ΔG°.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation: The starting material or product which is favored at equilibrium is to be identified.

Concept introduction: The change in Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy is represented by ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° respectively. They are state functions. The relation of ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° is shown as,

ΔG°=ΔH°TΔS°

The change in Gibbs free energy describes the spontaneity of the reaction. The change in enthalpy describes the relative bond strength in the substance, whereas the change in entropy describes the randomness in the system.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 6.38P

The formation of the productis favored at the given value of ΔS°.

Explanation of Solution

Given

The value of ΔS° is 8J/(Kmol).

For the spontaneous reaction, the value of ΔG° and ΔS° must be negative and positive respectively. The given value of ΔS° is positive. Therefore, the formation of product is favored at equilibrium.

Conclusion

The formation of the product is favored at the given value of ΔS°.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation: The starting material or product which isfavored at equilibrium is to be identified.

Concept introduction: The change in Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy is represented by ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° respectively. They are state functions. The relation of ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° is shown as,

ΔG°=ΔH°TΔS°

The change in Gibbs free energy describes the spontaneity of the reaction. The change in enthalpy describes the relative bond strength in the substance, whereas the change in entropy describes the randomness in the system.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 6.38P

The formation of the starting material is favored at the given value of ΔS°.

Explanation of Solution

Given

The value of ΔS° is 8J/(Kmol).

The value of ΔG° and ΔS° must be negative and positive respectively for the spontaneous reaction. The given value of ΔS° is negative. Hence, the reaction is non spontaneous and therefore, the formation of starting material is favored at equilibrium

Conclusion

The formation of the starting material is favored at the given value of ΔS°.

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Chapter 6 Solutions

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

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