Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The curved arrows are to be drawn to show the conversion of A into B in Step [1].
Concept introduction: Curved arrows aid in determining the movement and flow of electrons in the reaction. The electrons that take part in the
Half headed arrows are used to show the flow of single electrons, while the full headed arrow shows the movement of electron pairs.
(b)
Interpretation: The compound X is to be identified by using the curved arrows drawn for step [2].
Concept introduction: Curved arrows aid in determining the movement and flow of electrons in the reaction. The electrons that take part in the chemical reactions are shown by the curved arrows. An electronegative element in the reaction attracts electron toward it.
Half headed arrows are used to show the flow of single electrons, while the full headed arrow shows the movement of electron pairs.
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ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- Are endothermic reactions favorable or unfavorable? ... uphillor downhill?arrow_forwardONH2 (a) Draw the products of the proton transfer reaction shown here. (b) Draw a free energy diagram for this reaction, indicating whether it is endothermic or exothermic. ? + 1arrow_forward7. (Chapters 6 and 8) Within the following set, which is more stable, and why? CH3 CH3 H3C- -C=CH- CH2 H2C=Ć- -CH CH3 8. (Chapter 12) What type of instability will an intermediate need to address following the reaction of a nucleophile/base that has a negative charge with a pi bond that has uneven electron distribution between atoms with different electronegativities (C=O)? 9. (Chapter 9) Circle the carbon that will be unstable in the intermediate of the following reaction. Then, state the reason for your choice, and also indicate what type of instability it will be. H,C-CH,- C ECH with NaNH2 10. (Chapters 12 and 13) What are three sources used to provide electrons to an electron-deficient carbon with a leaving group? 1. 2. 3.arrow_forward
- 9) Circle the letter of the statement that correctly describes the reaction whose reaction coordinate diagram is shown. Energy ↑ Reaction - (a) one step reaction; products less thermodynamically stable than starting materials (b) one step reaction; products more thermodynamically stable than starting materials (c) two step reaction; products more thermodynamically stable than starting materials (d) two step reaction; products less thermodynamically stable than starting materials 10) Show both chair conformations of trans-1,3-dimethylcylcohexane on the rings given below. Circle the more stable conformer or label them as equivalent in energy. 11) Fill in the blank - When pentanoic acid [CH:(CH2):CO:H, pKa = 5], is added to a separatory funnel which contains diethyl ether (organic) and water with a pH of 7.0, it is found mainly in the. (water or ether) phase with this structure 14arrow_forwardDraw the mechanism of each.arrow_forwardClick on a basic (nucleophilic) atom. HH | | H-C-C=C₂ | H H H H-CI:arrow_forward
- Consider the attached SN2 reaction. Question: a.) Draw a mechanism using curved arrows.b.) Draw an energy diagram. Label the axes, the reactants, products, Ea,and ΔH°. Assume that the reaction is exothermic.arrow_forwardAnswer 1.(a) and (b)arrow_forward4) Draw an alkene (minimum of 4 carbons) that is in the E conformation and a different alkene (also 4 carbon minimum) that is in the Z conformation. Provide an explanation as to what makes it E or Z.arrow_forward
- Draw a curved arrow mechanism for the following reaction. Add/Remove step X H H B H BH₂arrow_forwardDraw the curved arrows and the products formed in the acid-base reaction of HBr and NH3. Determine the direction of equilibrium. Step 1: What happens in an acid-base reaction? Step 2: Draw the products of the acid-base reaction. Step 3: Draw the curved arrow mechanism of the acid-base reaction. Step 4: Determine the direction of equilibrium. Step 3: Draw the curved arrow mechanism of the acid-base reaction. So far, we have determined the products of the reaction. H H H-Br: A :Br: H-N-H H Next, lets approach drawing the curved arrow mechanism. A curved arrow mechanism represents electron movements and keeps track of bond forming and bond breaking reactions between compounds. Curved arrows must start from an electron source, either a non-bonding electron or bond and point towards an atom or bond. Where will the curved arrow in the mechanism start? the lone pair on bromine the H-Br bond the N-H bond the lone pair on the nitrogenarrow_forwardConsider the reaction between 2-methyl-2-butanol and HBr, shown below. но HBr Brarrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning