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A circuit board with a dense distribution of integrated circuits (ICs) and dimensions of
From wind tunnel tests under the same flow conditions, the average frictional shear stress on the upper surface is determined to be
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Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer
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- FLUID DYNAMICS Discuss the factors that influence pressure drop due to friction both for laminar flow and for turbulentflow in fluid flow in pipes.arrow_forwardIn secondsarrow_forwardAir flows from a 10cm pipe in which the temperature and pressure are 4-C and 280kpa, respectively, into a 5cm pipe in which the pressure is 147kpa gage. Calculate the velocity and discharge in each pipe, assuming isothermal conditions, standard atmospheric pressure and no losses. The gas constant for air is 280N-m/kg-K.arrow_forward
- A 2-cm diameter, 10-m long tube transports water at an average flow velocity of 8 m/s. The water enters at 20°C and leaves at 30°C. To compute for the Nusselt number of the water flow, what is the exact value of the temperature in °C on which the water properties should be based?arrow_forward4. An experimental test rig is used to examine two-phase flow regimes in horizontal pipelines. A particular experiment involved uses air and water at a temperature of 25°C, which flow through a horizontal glass tube with an internal diameter of 25.4 mm and a length of 40 m. Water is admitted at a controlled rate of 0.026 kgs-¹ at one end and air at a rate of 5 x 104 kgs¹ in the same direction. The density of water is 1000 kgm3, and the density of air is 1.2 kgm-³. Determine the mass flow rate, the mean density, gas void fraction, and the superficial velocities of the air and water. Answer: 0.02605 kgs-1, 61.1 kgm ³, 0.94, 0.822 ms-1, 0.051 ms-1arrow_forwardA tube with 45 meters long, and a diameter of 1.8 meters and 2.3 meters, inlet and outlet respectively. Water is flowing inside the tube. What is the rate of change of the velocity with respect to its length when the inlet has a velocity of 2100 meters/min?arrow_forward
- What is the Reynolds number of a fluid flowing in a tube with an inside diameter of 2 inches? The viscocity is 1.358 x 10^-5 lb/ft-s and the mass flow rate is 73 lb/h.arrow_forwardThe capillary pressure for a channel of round cross section can be expressed as a function of the surface tension, the contact angle and the channel radius (the numerical factor is 2). Assume a transition of two coaxial channels of constant round cross sections. The larger one has a diameter of 2 mm and a contact angle of 80 degree, the narrower one a contact angle of 125 degree with the liquid. Calculate the other radius required so a liquid segment having one of its two menisci within either segment experiences a counter pressure of 15 mbar.arrow_forwardView Policies Current Attempt in Progress In the figure, S is a small loudspeaker driven by an audio oscillator and amplifier, adjustable in frequency from 1400 to 2300 Hz only. Tube D is a piece of cylindrical sheet-metal pipe 38.4 cm long and open at both ends. (a) If the speed of sound in air is 344 m/s at the existing temperature, at how many frequencies will a resonance occur in the pipe when the frequency emitted by the speaker is varied from 1400 Hz to 2300 Hz? (b) What is the lowest resonant frequency in the given interval? D (a) Number i Units (b) Number i Unitsarrow_forward
- A block weighing 150 N is at a 20° inclination from the ground. Its mass is 15.291 kg and has a dimension of 19.685" x 11.811" x 7.874". It is to be moved at a constant velocity of 0.80 m/s with a surface friction coefficient of 0.27. Determine the percent reduction of force if a film is applied on the surface versus to a surface with no film. The oil film is 0.40mm thick with an absolute viscosity of 0.012 kg/m-s. Express your answer in percentage form and in 2 decimal places. No need to put the percent sign.arrow_forwardTUTORIAL SHEET - 3 1- How much is used/kg of coal burnt in a boiler having chimney of 35 m height to create a draught of 20 mm of water, when the temperature of flue gas in the chimney is 370°C and the boiler house temperature is 34°C. Does this chimney satisfy the condition of maximum discharge? Answers: 18.683 kg of air/kg of coal, W = 21.172 2- Calculate the mass of flue gases flowing through the chimney when draught produced is equal to 1.9 cm of water. Temperature of flue gases is 290° C and the ambient temperature is 20° C. The flue gases formed per kg of fuel burnt are 23 kg. Neglect the losses and take the diameter of chimney as 1.8 m. Answers: H= 34.67 m , H1 == 29.05 m of air, mg = 39.8 kg/s 3- A boiler generates 2400 kg of dry steam per hour at a pressure of 11 bar the grate area is 3 m2, and 90 kg of coal is burnt per m2 of grate area per hour. The calorific value of coal is 33180 kJ/kg and the temperature of feed water is 17.5° C. Determine (i) Actual evaporation per kg of…arrow_forwardThe liquid food is flowed through an uninsulated pipe at 90 ° C. The product flow rate is 0.25 kg / s and has a density of 1000 kg / m³, a specific heat of 4 kJ / (kg K), a viscosity of 8 x 10-6 Pa s, and a thermal conductivity of 0.55 W / (m) K). Assume that the change in viscosity is negligible. The internal diameter of the pipe is 20 mm with a thickness of 3 mm made of stainless steel (k = 15 W / [m ° C]). The outside temperature is 15 ° C. If the outer convective heat transfer coefficient is 18 W / (m² K), calculate the heat loss at steady state per meter pipe length. a. Find the convection coefficient in the pipe = Answer W / m² ° C. b. Calculate heat loss per meter pipe length = Answer watt.arrow_forward
- Principles of Heat Transfer (Activate Learning wi...Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9781305387102Author:Kreith, Frank; Manglik, Raj M.Publisher:Cengage Learning