Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The given questions under given set of conditions should be answered.
Concept introduction:
Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.
Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.
Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.
Addition Reaction: It is defined as
Oxidation Reaction: It involves loss of electrons, addition of oxygen atoms or removal of hydrogen atoms.
Oxidizing Reagents: The chemical agents used to add oxygen or remove hydrogen which finally reduced on oxidizing the other compound.
Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.
Carbocation stability order:
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Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 6 Solutions
Essential Organic Chemistry (3rd Edition)
- Provide the whole reaction mechanism (generation of electrophile, nucleophile, bond formation, bond breaking and movement of arrows) and the final product of the following reactions:arrow_forwardThis question has multiple parts. Work all the parts to get the most points. For the reaction below identify the reactant electrophile and the nudeophile. HO :OHarrow_forwardLater in the course, we will compare the halogenation of differently substituted carbons, comparing reactions like the ones below. Which of the following statements is true about reactions I and I1? Br + Br-Br + H-Br Br II Br-Br + H-Br O Both reactions have a positive heat of reaction (AH°) O Neither reaction has a positive heat of reaction (AH°) O Only reaction I has a positive heat of reaction (AHº) O Only reaction II has a positive heat of reaction (AH°)arrow_forward
- Substitution reactionarrow_forwardWhat is the best electrophile to use to to make 5,5-dimethyl-2-hexyne through E2 reactions? O A. 3,4-dibromo-2,2-dimethylhexane O B. 3,5-dibromo-2,2-dimethylhexane C. 4,4-dibromo-2,2-dimethylhexane D. 4,5-dibromo-2,2-dimethylhexanearrow_forwardCan you explain it? Provide examples with the various steps and explanations. How halogens affect the boiling/melting point? Does number of halogens affect it? For example, Ch3-Ch3 vs Ch3-Br vs Br-Ch3-Brarrow_forward
- catalytic hydrogenation ( or deuteration) adds H2 (or D2) by a syn electrophilic addition. Which answer is consistent with the syn addistion of D2 to (E)-2-pentenearrow_forwardNeed help please, not sure if my answer is correct.arrow_forwardConsider the structures of the carbocations formed by ortho attack of the electrophile, "NO, on the given starting material. Draw all resonance structures for the carbocation formed by ortho attack of the electrophile NO on the given starting material. If applicable, include the resonance structure in which π bond electrons "move" to the more electronegative atom as a lone pair. Be sure to include all charges and relevant lone pairs. Which resonance structure is the most unstable? Part 1 of 2 :0: NO2 A B :0: :Ö: а NO₂ C NO₂ + Draw all resonance structures for the carbocation formed by ortho attack of the electrophile "NO, on the given starting material. If applicable, include the resonance structure in which I bond electrons "move" to the more electronegative atom as a lone pair. Be sure to include all charges and relevant lone pairs.arrow_forward
- 20. a. Label the reactive features, highlight the most reactive one, then highlight what it needs. Also, state if the reaction will start to create a carbocation, carbon radical, or carbanion, or will cause loss of aromatic character. If a carbocation, carbon radical, or carbanion starts to develop, label where that will occur. HN- CH3 with 2-chloro-3-methylbutane + AICI, b. Use mechanism arrows to illustrate the reaction that occurs. c. If applicable, use stabilization resources to deal with the carbocation, carbon radical, or carbanion that starts to develop during the reaction, and draw the structure of any resonance-stabilized intermediate. d. Continue labeling and diagramming the reaction until you find the major stable product(s). e. Finally, state the stereochemistry of the major product(s) and use either Fisher projection or perspective formula representations to illustrate that stereochemistry.arrow_forwardHighlight the electrophilic carbon in red, and highlight the leaving group in blue. Highlight the atom in the nucleophile that will attack the electrophilic center in green. Only atoms need to be highlighted and not the lone pairs or formal chargesarrow_forwardPolar aprotic solvents enhance the rate of an SN2 reaction by stabilizing the cations and the anions. changing the polarizibility of the nucleophile. raising the energy of the nucleophile. O lowering the energy of the nucleophile. Save for Laterarrow_forward
- EBK A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC LChemistryISBN:9781305446021Author:LampmanPublisher:CENGAGE LEARNING - CONSIGNMENT