The alkene used to prepare the given compound has to be determined. Concept introduction: Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation. Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom. Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation. Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction. Electrophilic addition: It is a type of addition reaction in which the pi bond present in the molecule breaks as the electrophile approaches and results in the formation of product with sigma bond. Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule. First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation. Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 45P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The alkene used to prepare the given compound has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

Electrophilic addition: It is a type of addition reaction in which the pi bond present in the molecule breaks as the electrophile approaches and results in the formation of product with sigma bond.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The alkene used to prepare the given compound has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

Electrophilic addition: It is a type of addition reaction in which the pi bond present in the molecule breaks as the electrophile approaches and results in the formation of product with sigma bond.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The alkene used to prepare the given compound has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

Electrophilic addition: It is a type of addition reaction in which the pi bond present in the molecule breaks as the electrophile approaches and results in the formation of product with sigma bond.

Halogen addition to an alkene:

The addition reaction of halides to alkenes leads to the formation of vicinal dihalide as the product. The two halogens will be on the adjacent carbons.

Mainly Br2 and Cl2 undergo addition reaction with alkenes and the reaction is carried out in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane.

In general, the reaction can be shown as below.

When the bromine approaches the alkene, one bromine accepts the electrons from alkene and give them to the other bromine and a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate is formed.

The formed unstable intermediate reacts with Br- and the product is formed.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The alkene used to prepare the given compound has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

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The electrons flow from the electron-rich atoms of the nucleophile to the electrons poor atoms of the alkyl halide. Identify the electron rich in the nucleophile. Enter the element symbol only, do not include any changes.

Hello, I am doing a court case analysis in my Analytical Chemistry course. The case is about a dog napping and my role is prosecution of the defendant. I am tasked in the Area of Expertise in Neutron Activation and Isotopic Analysis. Attached is the following case study reading of my area of expertise! The landscaping stone was not particularly distinctive in its decoration but matched both the color and pattern of the Fluential’s landscaping stone as well as the stone in the back of the recovered vehicle. Further analysis of the stone was done using a technique called instrumental neutron activation analysis. (Proceed to Neutron Activation data) Photo Notes: Landscaping stone recovered in vehicle. Stone at Fluential’s home is similar inappearance. Finally, the white paint on the brick was analyzed using stable isotope analysis. The brick recovered at the scene had smeared white paint on it. A couple of pieces of brick in the back of the car had white paint on them. They…

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 45P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The alkene used to prepare the given compound has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

Electrophilic addition: It is a type of addition reaction in which the pi bond present in the molecule breaks as the electrophile approaches and results in the formation of product with sigma bond.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The alkene used to prepare the given compound has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

Electrophilic addition: It is a type of addition reaction in which the pi bond present in the molecule breaks as the electrophile approaches and results in the formation of product with sigma bond.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The alkene used to prepare the given compound has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

Electrophilic addition: It is a type of addition reaction in which the pi bond present in the molecule breaks as the electrophile approaches and results in the formation of product with sigma bond.

Halogen addition to an alkene:

The addition reaction of halides to alkenes leads to the formation of vicinal dihalide as the product. The two halogens will be on the adjacent carbons.

Mainly Br2 and Cl2 undergo addition reaction with alkenes and the reaction is carried out in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane.

In general, the reaction can be shown as below.

When the bromine approaches the alkene, one bromine accepts the electrons from alkene and give them to the other bromine and a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate is formed.

The formed unstable intermediate reacts with Br- and the product is formed.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The alkene used to prepare the given compound has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

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Check out a sample textbook solution

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 45P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The alkene used to prepare the given compound has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

Electrophilic addition: It is a type of addition reaction in which the pi bond present in the molecule breaks as the electrophile approaches and results in the formation of product with sigma bond.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The alkene used to prepare the given compound has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

Electrophilic addition: It is a type of addition reaction in which the pi bond present in the molecule breaks as the electrophile approaches and results in the formation of product with sigma bond.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The alkene used to prepare the given compound has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

Electrophilic addition: It is a type of addition reaction in which the pi bond present in the molecule breaks as the electrophile approaches and results in the formation of product with sigma bond.

Halogen addition to an alkene:

The addition reaction of halides to alkenes leads to the formation of vicinal dihalide as the product. The two halogens will be on the adjacent carbons.

Mainly Br2 and Cl2 undergo addition reaction with alkenes and the reaction is carried out in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane.

In general, the reaction can be shown as below.

When the bromine approaches the alkene, one bromine accepts the electrons from alkene and give them to the other bromine and a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate is formed.

The formed unstable intermediate reacts with Br- and the product is formed.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The alkene used to prepare the given compound has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 45P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The alkene used to prepare the given compound has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

Electrophilic addition: It is a type of addition reaction in which the pi bond present in the molecule breaks as the electrophile approaches and results in the formation of product with sigma bond.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The alkene used to prepare the given compound has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

Electrophilic addition: It is a type of addition reaction in which the pi bond present in the molecule breaks as the electrophile approaches and results in the formation of product with sigma bond.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The alkene used to prepare the given compound has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

Electrophilic addition: It is a type of addition reaction in which the pi bond present in the molecule breaks as the electrophile approaches and results in the formation of product with sigma bond.

Halogen addition to an alkene:

The addition reaction of halides to alkenes leads to the formation of vicinal dihalide as the product. The two halogens will be on the adjacent carbons.

Mainly Br2 and Cl2 undergo addition reaction with alkenes and the reaction is carried out in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane.

In general, the reaction can be shown as below.

When the bromine approaches the alkene, one bromine accepts the electrons from alkene and give them to the other bromine and a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate is formed.

The formed unstable intermediate reacts with Br- and the product is formed.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The alkene used to prepare the given compound has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 6, Problem 45P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The alkene used to prepare the given compound has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

Electrophilic addition: It is a type of addition reaction in which the pi bond present in the molecule breaks as the electrophile approaches and results in the formation of product with sigma bond.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The alkene used to prepare the given compound has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

Electrophilic addition: It is a type of addition reaction in which the pi bond present in the molecule breaks as the electrophile approaches and results in the formation of product with sigma bond.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The alkene used to prepare the given compound has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

Electrophilic addition: It is a type of addition reaction in which the pi bond present in the molecule breaks as the electrophile approaches and results in the formation of product with sigma bond.

Halogen addition to an alkene:

The addition reaction of halides to alkenes leads to the formation of vicinal dihalide as the product. The two halogens will be on the adjacent carbons.

Mainly Br2 and Cl2 undergo addition reaction with alkenes and the reaction is carried out in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane.

In general, the reaction can be shown as below.

When the bromine approaches the alkene, one bromine accepts the electrons from alkene and give them to the other bromine and a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate is formed.

The formed unstable intermediate reacts with Br- and the product is formed.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The alkene used to prepare the given compound has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

Answer 6

Chapter 6, Problem 45P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The alkene used to prepare the given compound has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

Electrophilic addition: It is a type of addition reaction in which the pi bond present in the molecule breaks as the electrophile approaches and results in the formation of product with sigma bond.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

Answer 7

Chapter 6, Problem 45P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The alkene used to prepare the given compound has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

Electrophilic addition: It is a type of addition reaction in which the pi bond present in the molecule breaks as the electrophile approaches and results in the formation of product with sigma bond.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The alkene used to prepare the given compound has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

Electrophilic addition: It is a type of addition reaction in which the pi bond present in the molecule breaks as the electrophile approaches and results in the formation of product with sigma bond.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The alkene used to prepare the given compound has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

Electrophilic addition: It is a type of addition reaction in which the pi bond present in the molecule breaks as the electrophile approaches and results in the formation of product with sigma bond.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The alkene used to prepare the given compound has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

Electrophilic addition: It is a type of addition reaction in which the pi bond present in the molecule breaks as the electrophile approaches and results in the formation of product with sigma bond.

Halogen addition to an alkene:

The addition reaction of halides to alkenes leads to the formation of vicinal dihalide as the product. The two halogens will be on the adjacent carbons.

Mainly Br2 and Cl2 undergo addition reaction with alkenes and the reaction is carried out in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane.

In general, the reaction can be shown as below.

When the bromine approaches the alkene, one bromine accepts the electrons from alkene and give them to the other bromine and a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate is formed.

The formed unstable intermediate reacts with Br- and the product is formed.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The alkene used to prepare the given compound has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

Electrophilic addition: It is a type of addition reaction in which the pi bond present in the molecule breaks as the electrophile approaches and results in the formation of product with sigma bond.

Halogen addition to an alkene:

The addition reaction of halides to alkenes leads to the formation of vicinal dihalide as the product. The two halogens will be on the adjacent carbons.

Mainly Br2 and Cl2 undergo addition reaction with alkenes and the reaction is carried out in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane.

In general, the reaction can be shown as below.

When the bromine approaches the alkene, one bromine accepts the electrons from alkene and give them to the other bromine and a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate is formed.

The formed unstable intermediate reacts with Br- and the product is formed.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The alkene used to prepare the given compound has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The alkene used to prepare the given compound has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

Answer 14

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 15

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 6.1 - Draw the mechanism for the reaction of cyclohexene...Ch. 6.2 - a. How many bond orbitals are available for...Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 3P Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 4P Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 5P Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 6P Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 7P Ch. 6.5 - Prob. 9P Ch. 6.5 - Prob. 10P Ch. 6.5 - a. What is the major product of each of the...

Solution Summary: The author explains that the alkene used to prepare the given compound has to be determined. Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donate electrons to electrophilic compounds.

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