Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (3rd Edition)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134605173
Author: Mark F. Sanders, John L. Bowman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 6, Problem 15P
A
a. Speculate about the process by which feeding antibiotics to animals such as cattle might lead to an increase in the number of antibiotic
b. How might the increase in antibiotic
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Antibotic/drug resistance in bacteria results from mutations induced by the anitbiotic which enhance fitness of the bacteria ensuring their survival.
a) True
b) False
a) The use of artificial inorganic compounds (like arsenic) to kill agricultural pests took place:
A. during stage 1 of pesticide practice in the United States (from the 1800s to the early 1900s)
B. during stage 2 of pesticide practice in the United States (beginning in the 1930s)
C. during stage 3 of pesticide practice in the United States (beginning in the 1940s)
D. during stage 4 of pesticide practice in the United States (beginnin in the 1960s)
E. all four of the above stages made equal use of artificial inorganic compounds
b) Which of the following successional species would be able to grow the closest to a point source of heavy metal pollution (like the Sudbury smelters in Ontario, Canada)?
A. long-lived species (like sugar maples)
B. mature species (like oak trees)
C. pioneer species (like grasses)
D. intermediate species (like pine trees)
E. all of the above will be equally able to grow close to a point source of heavy metal pollutants
Results from a Kirby Bauer antibiotic assay on a Gram-negative bacterial culture are described as follows: A) the bacterium is resistant to penicillin, an antibiotic that targets synthesis of the peptidoglycan cell wall and B) the bacterium is resistant to tetracycline, an antibiotic that targets the small subunit of the ribosome, inhibiting protein synthesis. Which of the results represents intrinsic resistant and which represents acquired resistants?
Chapter 6 Solutions
Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (3rd Edition)
Ch. 6 - For bacteria that are F+, Hfr, F', and F-, perform...Ch. 6 - The flow diagram identifies relationships between...Ch. 6 - Conjugation between an Hfr cell and an F-cell does...Ch. 6 - Bacteria transfer genes by conjugation,...Ch. 6 - Explain the importance of the following features...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6PCh. 6 - Describe what is meant by the term site-specific...Ch. 6 - What is a prophage, and how is a prophage formed?Ch. 6 - How is the frequency of cotransduction related to...Ch. 6 - Describe the differences between genetic...
Ch. 6 - Among the mechanisms of gene transfer in bacteria,...Ch. 6 - What is lateral gene transfer? How might it take...Ch. 6 - Lateral gene transfer is thought to have played a...Ch. 6 - Prob. 14PCh. 6 - A 2013 CDC report identified the practice of...Ch. 6 - Hfr strains that differ in integrated F factor...Ch. 6 - Five Hfr strains from the same bacterial species...Ch. 6 - An interrupted mating study is carried out on Hfr...Ch. 6 - An Hfr strain with the genotype cys+leu+met+strS...Ch. 6 - A triple-auxotrophic strain of E. coli having the...Ch. 6 - Penicillin was first used in the 1940 s to treat...Ch. 6 - An attribute of growth behavior of eight...Ch. 6 - Synthesis of the amino acid histidine is a...Ch. 6 - The phage P1 is used as a generalized transducing...Ch. 6 - Prob. 25PCh. 6 - Prob. 26PCh. 6 - Look closely at the consolidated Hfr map and the...Ch. 6 - Fifty bacterial colonies are on a complete-medium...
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- No MIC interpretive standards are given for penicillin G against E. coli. Which ONE of the following best describes why this is the case? Select one: A. E. coli are intrinsically resistant to penicillin G because the drug poorly traverses the outer membrane B. E. coli always have a small subset of cells within the bacterial population that are resistant to penicillin G C. E. coli are inherently resistant because they do not possess the target of penicillin G D. E. coli are naturally susceptible to penicillin G E. E. coli are intrinsically resistant to penicillin G due to the production of penicillinasesarrow_forwardWhich of these antibiotics would do the best job as a broad spectrum antibiotic?arrow_forward10) If the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus experiences a cost for maintaining one or more antibiotic- resistance genes, what would happen in environments that lack antibiotics? A) These genes would be maintained in case the antibiotics appear. B) These bacteria would be outcompeted and replaced by bacteria that have lost these genes. C) These bacteria would try to make the cost worthwhile by locating and migrating to microenvironments where traces of antibiotics are present. D) The number of genes conveying antibiotic resistance would increase in these bacteria. 11) When nonrandom mating occurs in a population so that individuals prefer to mate with similar individuals, allele frequencies should A) remain the same, but homozygotes will be overrepresented in the population. B) remain the same, but heterozygotes will be overrepresented in the population. C) change and heterozygotes will be overrepresented in the population. D) change and homozygotes will be overrepresented in the…arrow_forward
- Which of the following is not a factor in the rise of drug-resistantAcinetobacter baumannii?a. It is very widespread in many habitats.b. It has acquired greater toxicity.c. It readily acquires genetic material from other species.d. The hospital environment brings together vulnerable patients anddrugs.arrow_forwardA. Hank is going to talk about Gene Guns and Agrobacterium which I will discuss in a video lecture next week. B. How long does it take to develop and bring a GMO crop to market? C. What are some of the drawbacks to GE organisms? D.One of the interviewees is a woman in bright pink t-shirt and she is trying to describe drawbacks to GMOs. While not a cogent argument, I think there is an important point that she is trying to make. Do you know what she is trying to say?arrow_forwardHow do populations (or strains) of microbes evolve resistance to antimicrobials? (For this question, explain how random mutations and the variation in susceptibility within a population affect the development of resistant strains?arrow_forward
- The acquired antibiotic resistance genes encode what types of proteins that can inhibit the function of the antibiotic? list twoarrow_forwardSoil bacteria such as Streptomyces spp. produce the bulk of known antibiotics. It has been suggested that in nature antibiotics serve as signaling molecules, allowing members of the same species or strain to communicate. If this is the case, what might these molecular signals be “saying” and how would such a message be transmitted?arrow_forwardDo you think the United States can accomplish changes in how antibiotics are used in animal agriculture like those seen in Denmark? Why or why not? What are the main barriers to minimizing or ending antibiotic misuse in animal agriculture in the United States? How could these barriers be addressed?arrow_forward
- The development of antibiotic resistance is a major threat to our health. Why? How extensive is this problem?arrow_forwardYou have isolated a strain of E.coli that is resistant to penicillin,streptomycin,chloramphenicol and tetracycline. You also observe that when you mix this strain with a strain that is sensitive to all four antibiotics, the new strain becomes resistant to streptomycin,penicillin and chloramphenicol but not tetracycline. Explain how this is so?arrow_forwardYou have isolated a beta-lactamase producing Staphylococcus aureus (not a MRSA strain) from an infected surgical site on your patient. If for genetic reasons, your patient is allergic to all antibiotics except beta-lactam antibiotics such as ampicillin ( they can only take Beta-lactam antibiotics such as ampicillin), which strategy below could you use to treat this Staphylococcus aureus infection in your patient? Note different answers compared to previous question. give the patient erythromycin can use a beta-lactamse resistant beta-lactam such as methicillin or oxacillin O give the patient penicillin give the patient an azole drugarrow_forward
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