Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (3rd Edition)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134605173
Author: Mark F. Sanders, John L. Bowman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 6, Problem 5P
Explain the importance of the following features in conjugating donor bacteria:
a. the origin of transfer
b. the conjugation pilus
c. homologous recombination
d. the relaxosome
e. relaxase
f. T strand DNA
g. pilin protein
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For bacteria that are F+, Hfr, F', and F- answer the following.
a. Describe the state of the F factor.
b. Which of these cells are donors? Which is the recipient?
c. Which of these donors can convert exconjugants to a donor state?
d. Which of these donors can transfer a donor gene to exconjugants?
e. Describe the results of conjugation (i.e., changes in the recipient and the exconjugant) that allow detection of the state of the F factor in a donor strain.
f. Describe a "partial diploid" and how it originates.
Some strains of Escherichia coli bacteria have acquired the ability to produce the harmful Shiga toxin, normally produced by Shigella dysenteriae. Which statements best explain why this occurs? Mark all that apply.
A. conjugation between two different species of bacteria allowed both strains of bacteria to express a virulence factor
B. transformation resulted in expression of a virulence factor
C. horizontal gene transfer between different species of bacteria
D. transduction of a specific gene resulted in expression of new traits
The likelihood of co-transformation of two bacterial genes increases:
a. As their distance apart on the chromosome increases
b. As their distance apart on the chromosome decreases
c. As the transducing phage enter the lytic cycle
d. As recombination rate decreases
e. None of these is correc
Chapter 6 Solutions
Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (3rd Edition)
Ch. 6 - For bacteria that are F+, Hfr, F', and F-, perform...Ch. 6 - The flow diagram identifies relationships between...Ch. 6 - Conjugation between an Hfr cell and an F-cell does...Ch. 6 - Bacteria transfer genes by conjugation,...Ch. 6 - Explain the importance of the following features...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6PCh. 6 - Describe what is meant by the term site-specific...Ch. 6 - What is a prophage, and how is a prophage formed?Ch. 6 - How is the frequency of cotransduction related to...Ch. 6 - Describe the differences between genetic...
Ch. 6 - Among the mechanisms of gene transfer in bacteria,...Ch. 6 - What is lateral gene transfer? How might it take...Ch. 6 - Lateral gene transfer is thought to have played a...Ch. 6 - Prob. 14PCh. 6 - A 2013 CDC report identified the practice of...Ch. 6 - Hfr strains that differ in integrated F factor...Ch. 6 - Five Hfr strains from the same bacterial species...Ch. 6 - An interrupted mating study is carried out on Hfr...Ch. 6 - An Hfr strain with the genotype cys+leu+met+strS...Ch. 6 - A triple-auxotrophic strain of E. coli having the...Ch. 6 - Penicillin was first used in the 1940 s to treat...Ch. 6 - An attribute of growth behavior of eight...Ch. 6 - Synthesis of the amino acid histidine is a...Ch. 6 - The phage P1 is used as a generalized transducing...Ch. 6 - Prob. 25PCh. 6 - Prob. 26PCh. 6 - Look closely at the consolidated Hfr map and the...Ch. 6 - Fifty bacterial colonies are on a complete-medium...
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- Conjugation involves which of the following: a. transfer of plasmids among bacteria b. sexual reproduction of Eukaryotes c. uptake of free DNA from the environment d. integration of a virus into a chromosomearrow_forwardWhich of the following statement about conjugation is TRUE: During F+ to F- mating, the donor becomes F-. During the Hfr to F- transfer, the recipient becomes F+. The whole bacteria genome may get transferred during Hfr mating. During the Hfr to F- transfer, some recipients become recombinants in which transferred fragment recombines with homologous region in the genome.arrow_forwardAll of the following apply to Luria and Delbrűck’s mutation theory as tested using E. Coli and T1 phage EXCEPT: A. It was performed using liquid bacterial cultures B. It involved looking for T1-resistant bacteria as an end measure C. It was supported by the finding that the number of final cultures that were T1 phage-resistant were constant from experiment to experiment D. It rejected the possibility of mutations occurring only in response to a T1 phage challenge E. It supported the concept of spontaneous mutation ratesarrow_forward
- Describe the events (in words) occurring during conjugation in bacterial cells (using F plasmid transfer)arrow_forwardBelow is a diagram of the general structure of the bacteriophagel chromosome. Speculate on the mechanism by which it forms aclosed ring upon infection of the host cell. 5'GGGCGGCGACCT:double@stranded region-3' 3'- double@stranded region:CCCGCCGCTGGA5'arrow_forwardOutline the sequence of events that compromise the mechanism used by a bacteriophage in order to infect a bacteria cell?arrow_forward
- Assume that there are horizontal gene transfers between two completely different bacterial species. In one case it is a plasmid that is transmitted via conjugation, in the other case it is it is a part of the bacterial chromosome that is transferred via transformation. In which of the two cases is it likely that the transferred DNA will be present? left and can function in the recipient cells? Explain the biological background to your answerarrow_forwardDefine the following terms: a. lytic cycle b. prophage c. transduction d. lysogeny e. nuclocapsidarrow_forwardIf we were to examine a strain with the F plasmid inserted into the same site of the bacterial chromosome, but in the reverse orientation: a) What would the order of gene transfer be? Include all of the genetic markers including the amino acid and nucleic acid metabolism genes and streptomycin resistance. b) What cell types would be able to grow on the NA vs ECM media types? Be sure to include the genotypes of the cells that would grow. Remember that NA provides all nutrients the bacteria needs + no antibiotic and HCM = minimal medium + glucose + has streptomycin antibiotic c) Would we still be able to perform our mapping? Why or why not? (Hint: refer to part b above)arrow_forward
- Which of the statements is TRUE about conjugation? a) Plasmid DNA is transferred from a donor (F+) cell b) It may only be performed by competent cells c) DNA is always integrated into recipient chromosome d) It may be specialized or generalizedarrow_forwardReferring to conjugation in bacteria: Mark all cell types for which the following statement is true. Cell is used as a donor cell in conjugation. Select one or more: O a. F+ O b. F- O c. Hfr O d. F"arrow_forwardBacterial conjugation has medical consequences. For example, certain plasmids contain genes that code for toxins. The causative agent of a deadly form of food poisoning, E. coli 0157, synthesizes a toxin that causes massive bloody diarrhea and kidney failure. This toxin is now believed to have originated in Shigella, another bacterium that causes dysentery. Similarly, the growing problem of antibiotic resistance is partly attributable to the spread of antibioticresistant genes among bacterial populations. Antibiotic resistance develops because antibiotics are overused in medical practice and in livestock feeds. Suggest a mechanism by which this extensive use promotes antibiotic resistance.arrow_forward
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