Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780321885326
Author: Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Kelly A. Hogan
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 6, Problem 13TYK
In the citric acid cycle, an enzyme oxidizes malate to oxaloacetate, with the production of NADH and the release of H+. You are studying this reaction using a suspension of bean cell mitochondria and a blue dye that loses its color as it takes up H+. You set up reaction mixtures with mitochondria, dye, and three different concentrations of malate (0.1 mg/L, 0.2 mg/L, and 0.3 mg/L). Which of the following graphs represents the results you would expect, and why?
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The enzyme malate dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate in the final step that completes the Citric Acid Cycle. The ∆G of this reaction is +29.7 kJ/mol. Explain how this thermodynamically unfavorable reaction could possibly be accomplished by the cell even though the reaction is not coupled to a favorable reaction.
Two reactions are shown below. These reactions are directly coupled in cells by an enzyme called hexokinase, which is a key enzyme in glycolysis. It is generally the case that reactions that are directly coupled by enzymes share some common reactants. What is the net reaction when these two reactions are combined?
Glucose + Inorganic Phosphate + ATP + Water → Glucose 6-phosphate + ADP
Glucose + ATP + Water → Glucose 6-phosphate + ADP + Inorganic Phosphate
Glucose + ATP → Glucose 6-phosphate + Inorganic Phosphate
Glucose + ATP → Glucose 6-phosphate + ADP
The enzyme aldolase catalyzes the reaction shown in the glycolytic pathway:
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
dihydroxyacetone phosphate + glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
The AG" for the reaction is +23.8 kJ mol¯¹ (+5.7 kcal mol−¹), whereas the AG in the cell is −1.3 kJ mol¯¹ (−0.3 kcal mol¯¹).
Calculate the ratio of products to reactants under standard (equilibrium) conditions at 37°C.
[products]
[reactants]
7 x10-5
[products]
[reactants]
Incorrect
Aldolase
=====
Calculate the ratio of products to reactants under intracellular conditions at 37°C.
4 ×10-5
Incorrect
Complete the statement using your results.
under standard conditions
under intracellular conditions
A reaction that is endergonic under standard conditions can be converted into an exergonic reaction by maintaining the ratio
of products to reactants below the equilibrium value.
Chapter 6 Solutions
Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections (8th Edition)
Ch. 6 - Fill in the blanks in this summary map to help you...Ch. 6 - A biochemist wanted to study how various...Ch. 6 - In glycolysis, _____ is oxidized and _____ is...Ch. 6 - Which of the following is the most immediate...Ch. 6 - Which of the following is a true distinction...Ch. 6 - The poison cyanide binds to an electron carrier...Ch. 6 - In which of the following is the first molecule...Ch. 6 - Which of the three stages of cellular respiration...Ch. 6 - Compare and contrast fermentation as it occurs in...Ch. 6 - Prob. 10TYK
Ch. 6 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 6 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 6 - In the citric acid cycle, an enzyme oxidizes...Ch. 6 - ATP synthase enzymes are found in the prokaryotic...Ch. 6 - 15. SCIENTIFIC THINKING Several studies have found...Ch. 6 - For a short time in the 1930s, some physicians...Ch. 6 - Explain how the mechanism of brown fat metabolism...
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- A 46arrow_forwardWhat is the reduction potential (DE) for the reaction catalyzed by isocitrate dehydrogenase if the citric acid cycle is fluxing? To get the answer scored correctly: Please report the answer to three decimal places. Example: 0.123 or -0.111 Do not include units.arrow_forwardInterested in studying ethanol fermentation, you prepare two solutions of yeast extract that contains the cytosolic contents of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. You add glucose to both extracts at time zero, but to one (in red) you also add inorganic phosphate (added in two batches). Using a gas sensor, you monitor the CO2 generated by the two solutions over time and obtain the following data:arrow_forward
- Starting with glucose, there are five steps in the EMP/TCA metabolic pathways that produce NADH (which is converted to ATP or energy). Use class notes, Shuler, Kargi and DeLisa book, or the internet. 1. A. Draw the chemical structures of the reactant(s) and product(s); as well as a balanced chemical reaction for the step in the TCA (Krebs) cycle where isocitrate is converted to a-ketoglutarate (step 3 in the class notes). (You don't need to draw the structures of coenzyme A (COA), NAD* or NADH.) B. What enzymes catalyze steps 3 and 5 in the Kreb's cycle from the class notes? C. Would you categorize step 8 in the TCA cycle where malate is converted to oxaloacetate as an oxidation or reduction of malate? D. Considering that some energy is spent transporting acetyl-CoA to mitochondria, how much net energy (in kcal) is produced by converting 15 mol of glucose to CO₂ in the glycolysis & Krebs cycle pathways? E. How many kcals of energy from oxidizing 15 mol of glucose to CO₂ (your answer to…arrow_forwardThe complete combustion of palmitate and glucose yields 9781 kJ ∙ mol−1 and 2850 kJ ∙ mol−1 of free energy, respectively. Compare these values to the free energy (as ATP) obtained though catabolism of palmitate and glucose under standard conditions. Which process is more efficient?arrow_forwardWhat terms would best describe the above coupled reaction? (If the DGo for ATP hydrolysis into ADP + inorganic phosphate is -7.3 kcal/mole, and the DGo for maltose synthesis from glucose + glucose is +3.7 kcal/mole, calculate the standard free energy change for the combined reaction of ATP + glucose + glucose g ADP + maltose + inorganic phosphate.) it is non-spontaneous and endothermic (because the overall DGo is negative) it is spontaneous and exothermic (because the overall DGo is negative) it is non-spontaneous and endothermic (because the overall DGo is positive) it is spontaneous and exothermic (because the overall DGo is positive) it is non-spontaneous and exothermic (because the overall DGo is negative)arrow_forward
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