The sign of Δ G for folding and unfolding process of proteins. Introduction: Proteins are one of the most important parts of the living world. Amino acids combine to form different types of proteins. Proteins can be found in three (or four sometimes) structural forms in nature: primary structure; secondary structure; tertiary structure; and quaternary structure. Tertiary and quaternary structures are the functional structures of proteins. Simpler structures combine and fold in a special manner to form the functional proteins. The unfavorable atmosphere around the proteins can lead to the denaturation of the protein.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 5, Problem 5.10PS

(a)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The sign of ΔG for folding and unfolding process of proteins.

Introduction: Proteins are one of the most important parts of the living world. Amino acids combine to form different types of proteins. Proteins can be found in three (or four sometimes) structural forms in nature: primary structure; secondary structure; tertiary structure; and quaternary structure. Tertiary and quaternary structures are the functional structures of proteins. Simpler structures combine and fold in a special manner to form the functional proteins. The unfavorable atmosphere around the proteins can lead to the denaturation of the protein.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The sign of ΔS for folding and unfolding process of proteins.

Introduction: Proteins are one of the most important parts of the living world. Amino acids combine to form different types of proteins. Proteins can be found in three (or four sometimes) structural forms in nature: primary structure; secondary structure; tertiary structure; and quaternary structure. Tertiary and quaternary structures are the functional structures of proteins. Simpler structures combine and fold in a special manner to form the functional proteins. The unfavorable atmosphere around the proteins can lead to the denaturation of the protein.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: Whether the contribution of ΔS to the free energy change will be positive or negative.

Introduction: Proteins are one of the most important parts of the living world. Amino acids combine to form different types of proteins. Proteins can be found in three (or four sometimes) structural forms in nature: primary structure; secondary structure; tertiary structure; and quaternary structure. Tertiary and quaternary structures are the functional structures of proteins. Simpler structures combine and fold in a special manner to form the functional proteins. The unfavorable atmosphere around the proteins can lead to the denaturation of the protein.

(d)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The types of bonds needed to be broken for the unfolding of a protein and why extreme heat and pH causes unfolding of the protein.

Introduction: Proteins are one of the most important parts of the living world. Amino acids combine to form different types of proteins. Proteins can be found in three (or four sometimes) structural forms in nature: primary structure; secondary structure; tertiary structure; and quaternary structure. Tertiary and quaternary structures are the functional structures of proteins. Simpler structures combine and fold in a special manner to form the functional proteins. The unfavorable atmosphere around the proteins can lead to the denaturation of the protein.

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The allosteric site 1). Draw a representation of an allosteric binding site of an enzyme. must bind an allosteric modifier that maintains three hydrophobic regions, a polar charged region and two regions of hydrogen bonding. You choose the order or organization of the characteristics in the allosteric site - label all regions. Details the allosteric site is composed of faces of two separate beta sheets and two separate alpha helices. You might decide that each beta sheet or each alpha helix contributes one amino acid R group to the allosteric site or you may decide that one of the beta sheets or one of the alpha helixes contributes two or more amino acid R groups to the allosteric organization. Your choice but please show R group structure in the allosteric site!

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Proteins are quite stable. The lifetime of a peptide bond in aqueous solution is nearly 1000 years. However, the free energy of hydrolysis of proteins is negative and quite large. How can you account for the stability of the peptide bond in light of the fact that hydrolysis releases much energy?

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 5, Problem 5.10PS

(a)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The sign of ΔG for folding and unfolding process of proteins.

Introduction: Proteins are one of the most important parts of the living world. Amino acids combine to form different types of proteins. Proteins can be found in three (or four sometimes) structural forms in nature: primary structure; secondary structure; tertiary structure; and quaternary structure. Tertiary and quaternary structures are the functional structures of proteins. Simpler structures combine and fold in a special manner to form the functional proteins. The unfavorable atmosphere around the proteins can lead to the denaturation of the protein.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The sign of ΔS for folding and unfolding process of proteins.

Introduction: Proteins are one of the most important parts of the living world. Amino acids combine to form different types of proteins. Proteins can be found in three (or four sometimes) structural forms in nature: primary structure; secondary structure; tertiary structure; and quaternary structure. Tertiary and quaternary structures are the functional structures of proteins. Simpler structures combine and fold in a special manner to form the functional proteins. The unfavorable atmosphere around the proteins can lead to the denaturation of the protein.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: Whether the contribution of ΔS to the free energy change will be positive or negative.

Introduction: Proteins are one of the most important parts of the living world. Amino acids combine to form different types of proteins. Proteins can be found in three (or four sometimes) structural forms in nature: primary structure; secondary structure; tertiary structure; and quaternary structure. Tertiary and quaternary structures are the functional structures of proteins. Simpler structures combine and fold in a special manner to form the functional proteins. The unfavorable atmosphere around the proteins can lead to the denaturation of the protein.

(d)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The types of bonds needed to be broken for the unfolding of a protein and why extreme heat and pH causes unfolding of the protein.

Introduction: Proteins are one of the most important parts of the living world. Amino acids combine to form different types of proteins. Proteins can be found in three (or four sometimes) structural forms in nature: primary structure; secondary structure; tertiary structure; and quaternary structure. Tertiary and quaternary structures are the functional structures of proteins. Simpler structures combine and fold in a special manner to form the functional proteins. The unfavorable atmosphere around the proteins can lead to the denaturation of the protein.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 5, Problem 5.10PS

(a)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The sign of ΔG for folding and unfolding process of proteins.

Introduction: Proteins are one of the most important parts of the living world. Amino acids combine to form different types of proteins. Proteins can be found in three (or four sometimes) structural forms in nature: primary structure; secondary structure; tertiary structure; and quaternary structure. Tertiary and quaternary structures are the functional structures of proteins. Simpler structures combine and fold in a special manner to form the functional proteins. The unfavorable atmosphere around the proteins can lead to the denaturation of the protein.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The sign of ΔS for folding and unfolding process of proteins.

Introduction: Proteins are one of the most important parts of the living world. Amino acids combine to form different types of proteins. Proteins can be found in three (or four sometimes) structural forms in nature: primary structure; secondary structure; tertiary structure; and quaternary structure. Tertiary and quaternary structures are the functional structures of proteins. Simpler structures combine and fold in a special manner to form the functional proteins. The unfavorable atmosphere around the proteins can lead to the denaturation of the protein.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: Whether the contribution of ΔS to the free energy change will be positive or negative.

Introduction: Proteins are one of the most important parts of the living world. Amino acids combine to form different types of proteins. Proteins can be found in three (or four sometimes) structural forms in nature: primary structure; secondary structure; tertiary structure; and quaternary structure. Tertiary and quaternary structures are the functional structures of proteins. Simpler structures combine and fold in a special manner to form the functional proteins. The unfavorable atmosphere around the proteins can lead to the denaturation of the protein.

(d)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The types of bonds needed to be broken for the unfolding of a protein and why extreme heat and pH causes unfolding of the protein.

Introduction: Proteins are one of the most important parts of the living world. Amino acids combine to form different types of proteins. Proteins can be found in three (or four sometimes) structural forms in nature: primary structure; secondary structure; tertiary structure; and quaternary structure. Tertiary and quaternary structures are the functional structures of proteins. Simpler structures combine and fold in a special manner to form the functional proteins. The unfavorable atmosphere around the proteins can lead to the denaturation of the protein.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 5, Problem 5.10PS

(a)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The sign of ΔG for folding and unfolding process of proteins.

Introduction: Proteins are one of the most important parts of the living world. Amino acids combine to form different types of proteins. Proteins can be found in three (or four sometimes) structural forms in nature: primary structure; secondary structure; tertiary structure; and quaternary structure. Tertiary and quaternary structures are the functional structures of proteins. Simpler structures combine and fold in a special manner to form the functional proteins. The unfavorable atmosphere around the proteins can lead to the denaturation of the protein.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The sign of ΔS for folding and unfolding process of proteins.

Introduction: Proteins are one of the most important parts of the living world. Amino acids combine to form different types of proteins. Proteins can be found in three (or four sometimes) structural forms in nature: primary structure; secondary structure; tertiary structure; and quaternary structure. Tertiary and quaternary structures are the functional structures of proteins. Simpler structures combine and fold in a special manner to form the functional proteins. The unfavorable atmosphere around the proteins can lead to the denaturation of the protein.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: Whether the contribution of ΔS to the free energy change will be positive or negative.

Introduction: Proteins are one of the most important parts of the living world. Amino acids combine to form different types of proteins. Proteins can be found in three (or four sometimes) structural forms in nature: primary structure; secondary structure; tertiary structure; and quaternary structure. Tertiary and quaternary structures are the functional structures of proteins. Simpler structures combine and fold in a special manner to form the functional proteins. The unfavorable atmosphere around the proteins can lead to the denaturation of the protein.

(d)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The types of bonds needed to be broken for the unfolding of a protein and why extreme heat and pH causes unfolding of the protein.

Introduction: Proteins are one of the most important parts of the living world. Amino acids combine to form different types of proteins. Proteins can be found in three (or four sometimes) structural forms in nature: primary structure; secondary structure; tertiary structure; and quaternary structure. Tertiary and quaternary structures are the functional structures of proteins. Simpler structures combine and fold in a special manner to form the functional proteins. The unfavorable atmosphere around the proteins can lead to the denaturation of the protein.

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Answer 5

Chapter 5, Problem 5.10PS

(a)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The sign of ΔG for folding and unfolding process of proteins.

Introduction: Proteins are one of the most important parts of the living world. Amino acids combine to form different types of proteins. Proteins can be found in three (or four sometimes) structural forms in nature: primary structure; secondary structure; tertiary structure; and quaternary structure. Tertiary and quaternary structures are the functional structures of proteins. Simpler structures combine and fold in a special manner to form the functional proteins. The unfavorable atmosphere around the proteins can lead to the denaturation of the protein.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The sign of ΔS for folding and unfolding process of proteins.

Introduction: Proteins are one of the most important parts of the living world. Amino acids combine to form different types of proteins. Proteins can be found in three (or four sometimes) structural forms in nature: primary structure; secondary structure; tertiary structure; and quaternary structure. Tertiary and quaternary structures are the functional structures of proteins. Simpler structures combine and fold in a special manner to form the functional proteins. The unfavorable atmosphere around the proteins can lead to the denaturation of the protein.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: Whether the contribution of ΔS to the free energy change will be positive or negative.

Introduction: Proteins are one of the most important parts of the living world. Amino acids combine to form different types of proteins. Proteins can be found in three (or four sometimes) structural forms in nature: primary structure; secondary structure; tertiary structure; and quaternary structure. Tertiary and quaternary structures are the functional structures of proteins. Simpler structures combine and fold in a special manner to form the functional proteins. The unfavorable atmosphere around the proteins can lead to the denaturation of the protein.

(d)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The types of bonds needed to be broken for the unfolding of a protein and why extreme heat and pH causes unfolding of the protein.

Introduction: Proteins are one of the most important parts of the living world. Amino acids combine to form different types of proteins. Proteins can be found in three (or four sometimes) structural forms in nature: primary structure; secondary structure; tertiary structure; and quaternary structure. Tertiary and quaternary structures are the functional structures of proteins. Simpler structures combine and fold in a special manner to form the functional proteins. The unfavorable atmosphere around the proteins can lead to the denaturation of the protein.

Answer 6

Chapter 5, Problem 5.10PS

(a)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The sign of ΔG for folding and unfolding process of proteins.

Introduction: Proteins are one of the most important parts of the living world. Amino acids combine to form different types of proteins. Proteins can be found in three (or four sometimes) structural forms in nature: primary structure; secondary structure; tertiary structure; and quaternary structure. Tertiary and quaternary structures are the functional structures of proteins. Simpler structures combine and fold in a special manner to form the functional proteins. The unfavorable atmosphere around the proteins can lead to the denaturation of the protein.

Answer 7

Chapter 5, Problem 5.10PS

(a)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The sign of ΔG for folding and unfolding process of proteins.

Introduction: Proteins are one of the most important parts of the living world. Amino acids combine to form different types of proteins. Proteins can be found in three (or four sometimes) structural forms in nature: primary structure; secondary structure; tertiary structure; and quaternary structure. Tertiary and quaternary structures are the functional structures of proteins. Simpler structures combine and fold in a special manner to form the functional proteins. The unfavorable atmosphere around the proteins can lead to the denaturation of the protein.

Answer 8

(b)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The sign of ΔS for folding and unfolding process of proteins.

Introduction: Proteins are one of the most important parts of the living world. Amino acids combine to form different types of proteins. Proteins can be found in three (or four sometimes) structural forms in nature: primary structure; secondary structure; tertiary structure; and quaternary structure. Tertiary and quaternary structures are the functional structures of proteins. Simpler structures combine and fold in a special manner to form the functional proteins. The unfavorable atmosphere around the proteins can lead to the denaturation of the protein.

Answer 9

(b)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The sign of ΔS for folding and unfolding process of proteins.

Introduction: Proteins are one of the most important parts of the living world. Amino acids combine to form different types of proteins. Proteins can be found in three (or four sometimes) structural forms in nature: primary structure; secondary structure; tertiary structure; and quaternary structure. Tertiary and quaternary structures are the functional structures of proteins. Simpler structures combine and fold in a special manner to form the functional proteins. The unfavorable atmosphere around the proteins can lead to the denaturation of the protein.

Answer 10

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: Whether the contribution of ΔS to the free energy change will be positive or negative.

Introduction: Proteins are one of the most important parts of the living world. Amino acids combine to form different types of proteins. Proteins can be found in three (or four sometimes) structural forms in nature: primary structure; secondary structure; tertiary structure; and quaternary structure. Tertiary and quaternary structures are the functional structures of proteins. Simpler structures combine and fold in a special manner to form the functional proteins. The unfavorable atmosphere around the proteins can lead to the denaturation of the protein.

Answer 11

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: Whether the contribution of ΔS to the free energy change will be positive or negative.

Introduction: Proteins are one of the most important parts of the living world. Amino acids combine to form different types of proteins. Proteins can be found in three (or four sometimes) structural forms in nature: primary structure; secondary structure; tertiary structure; and quaternary structure. Tertiary and quaternary structures are the functional structures of proteins. Simpler structures combine and fold in a special manner to form the functional proteins. The unfavorable atmosphere around the proteins can lead to the denaturation of the protein.

Answer 12

(d)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The types of bonds needed to be broken for the unfolding of a protein and why extreme heat and pH causes unfolding of the protein.

Introduction: Proteins are one of the most important parts of the living world. Amino acids combine to form different types of proteins. Proteins can be found in three (or four sometimes) structural forms in nature: primary structure; secondary structure; tertiary structure; and quaternary structure. Tertiary and quaternary structures are the functional structures of proteins. Simpler structures combine and fold in a special manner to form the functional proteins. The unfavorable atmosphere around the proteins can lead to the denaturation of the protein.

Answer 13

(d)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The types of bonds needed to be broken for the unfolding of a protein and why extreme heat and pH causes unfolding of the protein.

Introduction: Proteins are one of the most important parts of the living world. Amino acids combine to form different types of proteins. Proteins can be found in three (or four sometimes) structural forms in nature: primary structure; secondary structure; tertiary structure; and quaternary structure. Tertiary and quaternary structures are the functional structures of proteins. Simpler structures combine and fold in a special manner to form the functional proteins. The unfavorable atmosphere around the proteins can lead to the denaturation of the protein.

Answer 14

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Answer 17

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