Chemistry
Chemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781133611097
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 5, Problem 162IP

Silane, SiH4, is the silicon analogue of methane, CH4. It is prepared industrially according to the following equations:

Si ( s )   +  3HC1 ( g )  HSiCl 3 ( l )   +  H 2 ( g ) 4HSiCl 3 ( l )    SiH 4 ( g )   +  3SiCl 4 ( l )

a. If 156 mL HSiCl3 (d = 1.34 g/mL) is isolated when 15.0 L HC1 at 10.0 atm and 35°C is used, what is the percent yield of HSiCl3?

b. When 156 mL HSiCl3 is heated, what volume of SiH4 at 10.0 atm and 35°C will be obtained if the percent yield of the reaction is 93.1%?

a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The percent yield of HSiCl3 in the given reaction has to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

  • Balance equation of a reaction is written according to law of conservation of mass.
  • Number of moles of a substance, According to ideal gas equation,

Numberofmoles=Pressure×VolumeR×Temperature

  • Equation for mass of a substance from its density and volume, 

    Mass=Density×Volume

  • Percent yield of reaction is the ratio of mass of actual yield to the mass of theoretical yield.
  • Mole ratios between the reactant and a product of a reaction are depends upon the coefficients of reactant and product in a balanced chemical equation.
  • Mass of a substance produced from its number of moles is,

Number of moles×Molecularmass in grams=producedmass

  • Number of moles of a substance from its given mass is,

Number of moles=GivenmassMolecularmass

  • According to ideal gas equation for finding volume of a gas,

Volume=Numberofmoles×R×Temperaturepressure

To determine: the percent yield of HSiCl3 in the given reaction.

Answer to Problem 162IP

The percent yield of HSiCl3 is 78% .

Explanation of Solution

To find: the number of moles of HCl reacted in the given reaction.

The number of moles of HCl is 5.93mol .

The volume of HCl in the given reaction is given as 15L .

The pressure is given as 10atm .

The temperature is given as 35oC=(35+273)K=308K .

The equation for finding number of moles of a substance, According to ideal gas equation,

Numberofmoles=Pressure×VolumeR×Temperature

Therefore,

The number of moles of HCl is,

nHCl=15L×10atm0.08206Latm/Kmol×308K=5.93mol

Hence,

The number of moles of HCl is 5.93mol .

To find: the number of moles HSiCl3 in the given reaction.

The number of moles of HSiCl3 in the given reaction is 1.976mol .

The balanced chemical equation for the given reaction is,

Si+3HClHSiCl3+H2

Here,

The mole ratio between HSiCl3 and HCl is 1:3 .

The number of moles of HCl is 5.93mol , and then the number of moles HSiCl3 is,

5.93molHCl×1molHSiCl33molHCl=1.976molHSiCl3

Therefore,

Theoretical calculated number of moles of HSiCl3 in the given reaction is 1.976mol .

To determine: the percent yield of HSiCl3 in the given reaction.

The percent yield of HSiCl3 is 78% .

  • The volume of obtained HSiCl3 is given as 156mL=0.156L .
  • The density of obtained HSiCl3 is given as 1.34g/L .

    Equation for mass of a substance from its density and volume,

Mass=Density×Volume

Therefore,

The mass obtained HSiCl3 is,

1.34g/L×0.156L=209g

Hence,

The actual yield of HSiCl3 in the given reaction is 209g .

  • Theoretical calculated number of moles of HSiCl3 in the given reaction is 1.976mol .

    Mass of a substance produced from its number of moles is,

Number of moles×Molecularmass in grams=producedmass

Therefore,

The mass of HSiCl3 in the given reaction is,

1.976mol×135.45g=268g

Hence,

The theoretical yield of HSiCl3 in the given reaction is 268g .

  • Percent yield of reaction is the ratio of mass of actual yield to the mass of theoretical yield.

    The actual yield of HSiCl3 in the given reaction is 209g .

    The theoretical yield of HSiCl3 in the given reaction is 268g .

    Therefore,

    The percent yield of HSiCl3 is,

    209g268g=78%

Hence,

The percent yield of HSiCl3 is 78% .

b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The volume of SiH4 obtained in the given reaction has to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

  • Balance equation of a reaction is written according to law of conservation of mass.
  • Number of moles of a substance, According to ideal gas equation,

Numberofmoles=Pressure×VolumeR×Temperature

  • Equation for mass of a substance from its density and volume, 

    Mass=Density×Volume

  • Percent yield of reaction is the ratio of mass of actual yield to the mass of theoretical yield.
  • Mole ratios between the reactant and a product of a reaction are depends upon the coefficients of reactant and product in a balanced chemical equation.
  • Mass of a substance produced from its number of moles is,

Number of moles×Molecularmass in grams=producedmass

  • Number of moles of a substance from its given mass is,

Number of moles=GivenmassMolecularmass

  • According to ideal gas equation for finding volume of a gas,

Volume=Numberofmoles×R×Temperaturepressure

To determine: the percent yield of HSiCl3 and the volume of SiH4 obtained in the given reaction.

Answer to Problem 162IP

The volume of SiH4 obtained in the given reaction is 0.907L .

Explanation of Solution

To find: the number of moles of SiH4 in the given reaction 4HSiCl3SiH4+3SiCl4 .

The number of moles of SiH4 in the given reaction is 0.386mol .

  • The actual yield of HSiCl3 in the given reaction is 209g .

    Equation of Number of moles of a substance from its given mass is,

Number of moles=GivenmassMolecularmass

Therefore,

The number of moles of HSiCl3 in the given reaction is,

Number of moles=209g135.45g=1.543mol

  • The balanced chemical equation for the given reaction is,

    4HSiCl3SiH4+3SiCl4

    Here,

    The mole ratio between SiH4 and HSiCl3 is 1:4 .

    The number of moles HSiCl3 is calculated as 1.543mol , and then the number of moles SiH4 is,

1.543molHSiCl3×1molSiH44molHSiCl3=0.386molSiH4

Hence,

The theoretically calculated number of moles of SiH4 in the given reaction is 0.386mol .

To determine: the number of moles of SiH4 obtained in the given reaction from its given percent yield.

The number of moles of SiH4 obtained in the given reaction is 0.359mol .

The Percent yield of SiH4 in the given reaction is given as 93.1% .

Theoretically calculated number of moles of SiH4 in the given reaction is 0.386mol .

Therefore,

The actual number of moles of SiH4 in the given reaction is,

0.386mol×0.931=0.359mol

Hence,

The number of moles of SiH4 obtained in the given reaction is 0.359mol .

To determine: the volume of SiH4 obtained in the given reaction 4HSiCl3SiH4+3SiCl4 .

The volume of SiH4 obtained in the given reaction is 0.907L .

The number of moles of SiH4 obtained in the given reaction is 0.359mol .

The pressure is given as 10atm .

The temperature is given as 35oC=(35+273)K=308K .

The equation for finding volume of a gas is,

According to ideal gas equation,

Volume=Numberofmoles×R×Temperaturepressure

Therefore,

Volumeof SiH4=0.359mol×0.08206Latm/Kmol×308K10atm =0.907L

Hence,

The volume of SiH4 obtained in the given reaction is 0.907L .

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Chapter 5 Solutions

Chemistry

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