For the given bond between I a n d C l , whether it is ionic, nonpolar or polar covalent has to be checked and the negative-positive ends of the bond has to be identified by using symbols δ+ and δ- for polar bonds. Concept Introduction: Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons between atoms. The polarity of a bond is arises due to the difference in electronegativity of atoms present in that bonding. The more electronegative atom in the bonding will have negative sign and it is denoted as δ- . The less electronegative atom in the bonding will have positive sign and it is denoted as δ+ .

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 4.9, Problem 4.19P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given bond between I and Cl, whether it is ionic, nonpolar or polar covalent has to be checked and the negative-positive ends of the bond has to be identified by using symbols δ+ and δ- for polar bonds.

Concept Introduction:

Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons between atoms.

The polarity of a bond is arises due to the difference in electronegativity of atoms present in that bonding.

The more electronegative atom in the bonding will have negative sign and it is denoted as δ-.

The less electronegative atom in the bonding will have positive sign and it is denoted as δ+.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given bond between Li and O, whether it is ionic, nonpolar or polar covalent has to be checked and the negative-positive ends of the bond has to be identified by using symbols δ+ and δ- for polar covalent bonds.

Concept introduction:

Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons between atoms.

Ionic bonds are formed by complete transfer of one or more electrons to the other atom, the bond between metals and nonmetals forms ionic bonds in which the metals forms cation and nonmetals forms anion.

The polarity of a bond is arises due to the difference in electronegativity of atoms present in that bonding.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given bond between Br and Br, whether it is ionic, nonpolar or polar covalent has to be checked and the negative-positive ends of the bond has to be identified by using symbols δ+ and δ- for polar covalent bonds.

Concept introduction:

Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons between atoms.

The polarity of a bond is arises due to the difference in electronegativity of atoms present in that bonding.

The more electronegative atom in the bonding will have negative sign and it is denoted as δ−.

The less electronegative atom in the bonding will have positive sign and it is denoted as δ+.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given bond between P and Br, whether it is ionic, nonpolar or polar covalent has to be checked and the negative-positive ends of the bond has to be identified by using symbols δ+ and δ- for polar covalent bonds.

Concept introduction:

Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons between atoms.

The polarity of a bond is arises due to the difference in electronegativity of atoms present in that bonding.

The more electronegative atom in the bonding will have negative sign and it is denoted as δ−.

The less electronegative atom in the bonding will have positive sign and it is denoted as δ+.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 4.9, Problem 4.19P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given bond between I and Cl, whether it is ionic, nonpolar or polar covalent has to be checked and the negative-positive ends of the bond has to be identified by using symbols δ+ and δ- for polar bonds.

Concept Introduction:

Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons between atoms.

The polarity of a bond is arises due to the difference in electronegativity of atoms present in that bonding.

The more electronegative atom in the bonding will have negative sign and it is denoted as δ-.

The less electronegative atom in the bonding will have positive sign and it is denoted as δ+.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given bond between Li and O, whether it is ionic, nonpolar or polar covalent has to be checked and the negative-positive ends of the bond has to be identified by using symbols δ+ and δ- for polar covalent bonds.

Concept introduction:

Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons between atoms.

Ionic bonds are formed by complete transfer of one or more electrons to the other atom, the bond between metals and nonmetals forms ionic bonds in which the metals forms cation and nonmetals forms anion.

The polarity of a bond is arises due to the difference in electronegativity of atoms present in that bonding.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given bond between Br and Br, whether it is ionic, nonpolar or polar covalent has to be checked and the negative-positive ends of the bond has to be identified by using symbols δ+ and δ- for polar covalent bonds.

Concept introduction:

Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons between atoms.

The polarity of a bond is arises due to the difference in electronegativity of atoms present in that bonding.

The more electronegative atom in the bonding will have negative sign and it is denoted as δ−.

The less electronegative atom in the bonding will have positive sign and it is denoted as δ+.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given bond between P and Br, whether it is ionic, nonpolar or polar covalent has to be checked and the negative-positive ends of the bond has to be identified by using symbols δ+ and δ- for polar covalent bonds.

Concept introduction:

Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons between atoms.

The polarity of a bond is arises due to the difference in electronegativity of atoms present in that bonding.

The more electronegative atom in the bonding will have negative sign and it is denoted as δ−.

The less electronegative atom in the bonding will have positive sign and it is denoted as δ+.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 4.9, Problem 4.19P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given bond between I and Cl, whether it is ionic, nonpolar or polar covalent has to be checked and the negative-positive ends of the bond has to be identified by using symbols δ+ and δ- for polar bonds.

Concept Introduction:

Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons between atoms.

The polarity of a bond is arises due to the difference in electronegativity of atoms present in that bonding.

The more electronegative atom in the bonding will have negative sign and it is denoted as δ-.

The less electronegative atom in the bonding will have positive sign and it is denoted as δ+.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given bond between Li and O, whether it is ionic, nonpolar or polar covalent has to be checked and the negative-positive ends of the bond has to be identified by using symbols δ+ and δ- for polar covalent bonds.

Concept introduction:

Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons between atoms.

Ionic bonds are formed by complete transfer of one or more electrons to the other atom, the bond between metals and nonmetals forms ionic bonds in which the metals forms cation and nonmetals forms anion.

The polarity of a bond is arises due to the difference in electronegativity of atoms present in that bonding.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given bond between Br and Br, whether it is ionic, nonpolar or polar covalent has to be checked and the negative-positive ends of the bond has to be identified by using symbols δ+ and δ- for polar covalent bonds.

Concept introduction:

Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons between atoms.

The polarity of a bond is arises due to the difference in electronegativity of atoms present in that bonding.

The more electronegative atom in the bonding will have negative sign and it is denoted as δ−.

The less electronegative atom in the bonding will have positive sign and it is denoted as δ+.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given bond between P and Br, whether it is ionic, nonpolar or polar covalent has to be checked and the negative-positive ends of the bond has to be identified by using symbols δ+ and δ- for polar covalent bonds.

Concept introduction:

Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons between atoms.

The polarity of a bond is arises due to the difference in electronegativity of atoms present in that bonding.

The more electronegative atom in the bonding will have negative sign and it is denoted as δ−.

The less electronegative atom in the bonding will have positive sign and it is denoted as δ+.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 4.9, Problem 4.19P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given bond between I and Cl, whether it is ionic, nonpolar or polar covalent has to be checked and the negative-positive ends of the bond has to be identified by using symbols δ+ and δ- for polar bonds.

Concept Introduction:

Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons between atoms.

The polarity of a bond is arises due to the difference in electronegativity of atoms present in that bonding.

The more electronegative atom in the bonding will have negative sign and it is denoted as δ-.

The less electronegative atom in the bonding will have positive sign and it is denoted as δ+.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given bond between Li and O, whether it is ionic, nonpolar or polar covalent has to be checked and the negative-positive ends of the bond has to be identified by using symbols δ+ and δ- for polar covalent bonds.

Concept introduction:

Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons between atoms.

Ionic bonds are formed by complete transfer of one or more electrons to the other atom, the bond between metals and nonmetals forms ionic bonds in which the metals forms cation and nonmetals forms anion.

The polarity of a bond is arises due to the difference in electronegativity of atoms present in that bonding.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given bond between Br and Br, whether it is ionic, nonpolar or polar covalent has to be checked and the negative-positive ends of the bond has to be identified by using symbols δ+ and δ- for polar covalent bonds.

Concept introduction:

Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons between atoms.

The polarity of a bond is arises due to the difference in electronegativity of atoms present in that bonding.

The more electronegative atom in the bonding will have negative sign and it is denoted as δ−.

The less electronegative atom in the bonding will have positive sign and it is denoted as δ+.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given bond between P and Br, whether it is ionic, nonpolar or polar covalent has to be checked and the negative-positive ends of the bond has to be identified by using symbols δ+ and δ- for polar covalent bonds.

Concept introduction:

Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons between atoms.

The polarity of a bond is arises due to the difference in electronegativity of atoms present in that bonding.

The more electronegative atom in the bonding will have negative sign and it is denoted as δ−.

The less electronegative atom in the bonding will have positive sign and it is denoted as δ+.

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Answer 5

Chapter 4.9, Problem 4.19P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given bond between I and Cl, whether it is ionic, nonpolar or polar covalent has to be checked and the negative-positive ends of the bond has to be identified by using symbols δ+ and δ- for polar bonds.

Concept Introduction:

Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons between atoms.

The polarity of a bond is arises due to the difference in electronegativity of atoms present in that bonding.

The more electronegative atom in the bonding will have negative sign and it is denoted as δ-.

The less electronegative atom in the bonding will have positive sign and it is denoted as δ+.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given bond between Li and O, whether it is ionic, nonpolar or polar covalent has to be checked and the negative-positive ends of the bond has to be identified by using symbols δ+ and δ- for polar covalent bonds.

Concept introduction:

Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons between atoms.

Ionic bonds are formed by complete transfer of one or more electrons to the other atom, the bond between metals and nonmetals forms ionic bonds in which the metals forms cation and nonmetals forms anion.

The polarity of a bond is arises due to the difference in electronegativity of atoms present in that bonding.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given bond between Br and Br, whether it is ionic, nonpolar or polar covalent has to be checked and the negative-positive ends of the bond has to be identified by using symbols δ+ and δ- for polar covalent bonds.

Concept introduction:

Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons between atoms.

The polarity of a bond is arises due to the difference in electronegativity of atoms present in that bonding.

The more electronegative atom in the bonding will have negative sign and it is denoted as δ−.

The less electronegative atom in the bonding will have positive sign and it is denoted as δ+.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given bond between P and Br, whether it is ionic, nonpolar or polar covalent has to be checked and the negative-positive ends of the bond has to be identified by using symbols δ+ and δ- for polar covalent bonds.

Concept introduction:

Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons between atoms.

The polarity of a bond is arises due to the difference in electronegativity of atoms present in that bonding.

The more electronegative atom in the bonding will have negative sign and it is denoted as δ−.

The less electronegative atom in the bonding will have positive sign and it is denoted as δ+.

Answer 6

Chapter 4.9, Problem 4.19P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given bond between I and Cl, whether it is ionic, nonpolar or polar covalent has to be checked and the negative-positive ends of the bond has to be identified by using symbols δ+ and δ- for polar bonds.

Concept Introduction:

Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons between atoms.

The polarity of a bond is arises due to the difference in electronegativity of atoms present in that bonding.

The more electronegative atom in the bonding will have negative sign and it is denoted as δ-.

The less electronegative atom in the bonding will have positive sign and it is denoted as δ+.

Answer 7

Chapter 4.9, Problem 4.19P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given bond between I and Cl, whether it is ionic, nonpolar or polar covalent has to be checked and the negative-positive ends of the bond has to be identified by using symbols δ+ and δ- for polar bonds.

Concept Introduction:

Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons between atoms.

The polarity of a bond is arises due to the difference in electronegativity of atoms present in that bonding.

The more electronegative atom in the bonding will have negative sign and it is denoted as δ-.

The less electronegative atom in the bonding will have positive sign and it is denoted as δ+.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given bond between Li and O, whether it is ionic, nonpolar or polar covalent has to be checked and the negative-positive ends of the bond has to be identified by using symbols δ+ and δ- for polar covalent bonds.

Concept introduction:

Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons between atoms.

Ionic bonds are formed by complete transfer of one or more electrons to the other atom, the bond between metals and nonmetals forms ionic bonds in which the metals forms cation and nonmetals forms anion.

The polarity of a bond is arises due to the difference in electronegativity of atoms present in that bonding.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given bond between Li and O, whether it is ionic, nonpolar or polar covalent has to be checked and the negative-positive ends of the bond has to be identified by using symbols δ+ and δ- for polar covalent bonds.

Concept introduction:

Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons between atoms.

Ionic bonds are formed by complete transfer of one or more electrons to the other atom, the bond between metals and nonmetals forms ionic bonds in which the metals forms cation and nonmetals forms anion.

The polarity of a bond is arises due to the difference in electronegativity of atoms present in that bonding.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given bond between Br and Br, whether it is ionic, nonpolar or polar covalent has to be checked and the negative-positive ends of the bond has to be identified by using symbols δ+ and δ- for polar covalent bonds.

Concept introduction:

Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons between atoms.

The polarity of a bond is arises due to the difference in electronegativity of atoms present in that bonding.

The more electronegative atom in the bonding will have negative sign and it is denoted as δ−.

The less electronegative atom in the bonding will have positive sign and it is denoted as δ+.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given bond between Br and Br, whether it is ionic, nonpolar or polar covalent has to be checked and the negative-positive ends of the bond has to be identified by using symbols δ+ and δ- for polar covalent bonds.

Concept introduction:

Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons between atoms.

The polarity of a bond is arises due to the difference in electronegativity of atoms present in that bonding.

The more electronegative atom in the bonding will have negative sign and it is denoted as δ−.

The less electronegative atom in the bonding will have positive sign and it is denoted as δ+.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given bond between P and Br, whether it is ionic, nonpolar or polar covalent has to be checked and the negative-positive ends of the bond has to be identified by using symbols δ+ and δ- for polar covalent bonds.

Concept introduction:

Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons between atoms.

The polarity of a bond is arises due to the difference in electronegativity of atoms present in that bonding.

The more electronegative atom in the bonding will have negative sign and it is denoted as δ−.

The less electronegative atom in the bonding will have positive sign and it is denoted as δ+.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given bond between P and Br, whether it is ionic, nonpolar or polar covalent has to be checked and the negative-positive ends of the bond has to be identified by using symbols δ+ and δ- for polar covalent bonds.

Concept introduction:

Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons between atoms.

The polarity of a bond is arises due to the difference in electronegativity of atoms present in that bonding.

The more electronegative atom in the bonding will have negative sign and it is denoted as δ−.

The less electronegative atom in the bonding will have positive sign and it is denoted as δ+.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 4.1P Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 4.2P Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 4.3P Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 4.4P Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 4.5P Ch. 4.4 - The BF3 molecule can also react with NH3 by...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 4.7P Ch. 4.7 - Prob. 4.8P Ch. 4.7 - Add lone pairs where appropriate to the following...Ch. 4.7 - Prob. 4.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that ionic, nonpolar or polar covalent bonds are formed by sharing electrons between atoms.

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