Concept explainers
Videos
(a)
Interpretation:
The number of valence electrons and the type of multiple bonds present if the compound is having a multiple bonds has to be determined for
Concept introduction:
Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons between atoms.
The valence electrons of Carbon are 4 electrons (requires 4 electrons to achieve octet).
The valence electrons of Oxygen are 6 electrons (requires 2 electrons to achieve octet).
The valence electrons of Hydrogen are 1 electron.
The valence electrons of Nitrogen are 5 electrons.
The sharing of one electron from two atoms constitutes a single bond between the two atoms. The sharing of two electrons from two atoms constitutes a double bond between the two atoms
(b)
Interpretation:
The number of valence electrons and the type of multiple bonds present if the compound is having a multiple bond has to be determined for
Concept introduction:
Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons between atoms.
The valence electrons of Oxygen are 6 electrons (requires 2 electrons to achieve octet).
The valence electrons of Chlorine are 7 electrons.
The valence electrons of Nitrogen are 5 electrons.
The sharing of one electron from two atoms constitutes a single bond between the two atoms. The sharing of two electrons from two atoms constitutes a double bond between the two atoms
(c)
Interpretation:
The number of valence electrons and the type of multiple bonds present if the compound is having a multiple bond has to be determined for compound
Concept introduction:
Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons between atoms.
The valence electrons of Carbon are 4 electrons (requires 4 electrons to achieve octet).
The valence electrons of Oxygen are 6 electrons (requires 2 electrons to achieve octet).
The valence electrons of Hydrogen are 1 electron.
The sharing of one electron from two atoms constitutes a single bond between the two atoms. The sharing of two electrons from two atoms constitutes a double bond between the two atoms
(d)
Interpretation:
The number of valence electrons and the type of multiple bonds present if the compound is having a multiple bond has to be determined for
Concept introduction:
Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons between atoms.
The valence electrons of Fluorine are 7 electrons (requires 1 electrons to achieve octet).
The valence electrons of Oxygen are 6 electrons (requires 2 electrons to achieve octet).
The sharing of one electron from two atoms constitutes a single bond between the two atoms. The sharing of two electrons from two atoms constitutes a double bond between the two atoms
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Chapter 4 Solutions
Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (8th Edition)
- Compare the average N–O bond in NO3– to the average N–O bonds in NO2+ and NO2– (from above). Rank the three N–O bonds from weakest to strongest and from shortest to longest.arrow_forwardHow many potential stereoisomers exist for the following molecule? HQ A) 3 B) 6 C) 8 D) 11 O A O B OC ODarrow_forwardIDENTIFY THE FUNCTIONAL GROUP PRESENT IN THESE COMPOUNDS. A = ? B = ? C = ?arrow_forward
- In an ammonia molecule, one nitrogen atom (atomic number = 7; 1s² 2s²2p³) forms covalent bonds with three hydrogen atoms. Draw a diagram of an ammonia molecule. Show all valence electrons, lone pairs, molecular geometry, and partial charges (assume sp³ hybridization).arrow_forwardDraw all three staggered conformations for the following compound, viewed along the C₂-C3 bond. Determine which conformation is the most stable, taking into account gauche interactions and hydrogen-bonding interactions. (J. Phys. Chem. A 2001, 105, 6991-6997) Provide a reason for your choice by identifying all of the interactions that led to your decision. H H&COH C₂ C3 HỌ CH CH3 Which of the following is the most stable staggered conformer? Me H OH Me OH Me- Me Me H Conformer A OH OH OH HO H H H Conformer B Conformer C Me Conformer B because the anti OH groups avoid hydrogen bonding, which is a destabilizing effect. Conformer A because there are only two gauche interactions, and hydrogen bonding between the two OH groups is a stabilizing effect. Conformer C because there is no steric strain for Me-OH gauche interactions and hydrogen bonding between the two OH groups is a stabilizing effect. Conformer B because the large OH groups are anti to each other.arrow_forwardDHA is a fatty acid derived from fish oil and an abundant fatty acid invertebrate brains. Hydrogenation of DHA forms docosanoic acid[CH3(CH2)20CO2H], and ozonolysis forms CH3CH2CHO, CH2(CHO)2 (fiveequivalents), and HCOCH2CH2CO2H. What is the structure of DHA if all double bonds have the Z configuration?arrow_forward
- Classify each of the following molecular formulas as an acyclic alkane or a cycloalkane. Part 1 of 4 C2H4: acyclic alkane ☑ Part 2 of 4 C23 H48 (Choose one) Part 3 of 4 C4H10 (Choose one) Part 4 of 4 C2652 (Choose one) Х ☑ ك ☑ ⑤arrow_forwardCompound P was discovered by a scientist. Compound P is a dipeptide, optically active and has the molecular formula C„H14N2O3. Compound P is formed when compound Q and compound R joined together by condensation reaction. While, monomers S and T are formed by modifying the compounds Q and R. Polymer U is formed by the condensation reaction of monomers S and T. Draw the possible structural formulae of compounds P, Q, R, S, T and U. Label the peptide bond(s) for compound P. Draw the possible structural formulae for repeating unit of polymer U. Please state the number of functional groups present in compound P.arrow_forwardHow many peptide bonds were produced by creating the following How many H2O particle were produced by creating the following structure if the starting reagent is glucose? * structure if the starting reagent is glucose? * CH,OH CH,OH CH,OH CH;OH CH;OH CH;OH OH он он OH 250 ÓH OH OH ÓH OH OH 300 А.) 125 B.) 250 А.) 30 c.) 25 B.) 301 D.) 500 C.) 302 E.) O D.) 300 E.) 150 F.) Oarrow_forward
- H :0: H- C;= C2 - C3 - C4 - N - H H H Give the approximate bond angle at each of the designated central atoms: note: Add five letters. C = C2 = C3 = C4 = N = a. 109.5° b. 120° C. 180° d. 90° е. 450arrow_forward1.)Draw 2,2‑dimethylbutane. Show all hydrogen atoms. 2.)Draw 3‑ethylhexanoic acid. Draw the structure in line‑bond form.arrow_forwardDetermine the chemical formula for the following molecules by counting the Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen atoms. Determine if the molecule is a carbohydrate by checking the ratio of atoms. 5. Ho C 1 H-C-OH H-C-OH H-C-OH CH₂OH 6. CH₂OH HO-C=0 [ H-C-OH H-C-OH 1 H-C-DH I H - COH I H-C-H I H Chemical formula Carbohydrate ? Chemical formula Carbohydrate ?arrow_forward
Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning