Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 43.1, Problem 3SB
Summary Introduction
To review:
The differences among slow aerobic, fast aerobic, and fast anaerobic muscle fibers with respect to contraction intensity, fatigue resistance, oxidative phosphorylation capacity, number of mitochondria, and myoglobin content.
Introduction:
Muscle fibers based on the rate of contraction and resistance to fatigue can be categorized into three types such as a slow aerobic muscle fibers, fast aerobic muscle fibers, and fast anaerobic muscle fibers. Each of these muscle fibers perform contractile function differently in the body.
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Skeletal muscle cells undergo contractions based on a molecular mechanism involving:
1)the sliding of actin and myosin filaments past each other without any change in filament length
2) the shortening of actin filaments following direct interaction with myosin
3) dynamic instability of microtubules
4)none
One of the primary characteristics of all muscle tissue is contractility, the ability to shorten
(contract) and lengthen (relax). You've identified the various components of a myofibril above.
Now, use the table below to indicate what occurs to each band, line, or zone when the muscle
contracts vs. relaxes.
What occurs to this region / structure during contraction/relaxation?
Region / Structure
A-Band
H-Band
I-Band
M-Line
Z-Line
Zone of Overlap
Sarcomere
No change
Shortens
Lengthens
Muscle Contraction
Muscle Relaxation
What are the mechanisms for muscle contraction vs. relaxation in regards to myosin/thick filaments/thin filament movement? Is it true that if tropomysin blocks myosin sites, contraction ends and muscle relaxes?
Chapter 43 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 43.1 - Prob. 1SBCh. 43.1 - Prob. 2SBCh. 43.1 - Prob. 3SBCh. 43.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 43.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 43.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 43.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 43 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 3TYK
Ch. 43 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 43 - Which of the following is not an example of a...Ch. 43 - Endoskeletons: a. protect internal organs and...Ch. 43 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 43 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 43 - Prob. 3ITDCh. 43 - Prob. 4ITD
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- What is the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cell contraction?arrow_forwardHow do actin and myosin interact in a sarcomere to bring about muscle contraction? What roles do ATP and calcium play?arrow_forwardDescribe the microscopic structure and functional roles of the myofibrils, sarcoplasmic reticulum, and T tubules of skeletal muscle fibers.arrow_forward
- Explain the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction, including the following parts; thich (myosion) filaments, thin (actin) filaments, myosin heads, tropomyosin, troponin, ATP, active sites, calcium.arrow_forwardSkeletal muscle fibres are very metabolically active and are adapted to create a lot of ATP from aerobic cellular respiration. Additionally, cells require other things to stay alive. Explain how the following three organ systems contribute to allowing a muscle cell to carry out its roles: a) Respiratory system b) Cardiovascular system c) Gastrointestinal system asap please.arrow_forwardWhat are three functions of ATP in muscle contraction?arrow_forward
- Skeletal muscle is described as striated. What are the lighter, thinner stripes noted under the microscope? Group of answer choices troponin actin myosin dystrophin Rather than innervating individual muscle fibers, motor neurons often innervate two or more muscle fibers. The motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates are together called a: Group of answer choices motor unit myofibril muscle fascicle motor fascia Fast glycolytic muscle fibers allow for relatively quick ATP energy production by splitting glucose (but eventually leads to fatigue), a process described as: Group of answer choices fermentation aerobic pathway anaerobic pathway ATP reserve usearrow_forwardIdentify the nature and physiological significance of the series-elastic component of muscle contraction.arrow_forwardSlow twitch muscle fibers are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT: O a) used in endurance type of activities O b) contract rapidly and forcefully Oc) resistant to fatigue O d) have a direct relationship to the oxidative energy systemarrow_forward
- Striated muscle twitch force reaches a maximum after nearly all of the calcium is pumped out of the sarcomere and back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum because: A.) sarcomere activation is not dependent on calcium B.) calcium inhibits force production C.) calcium interferes with ATP hydrolysis D.) Calcium is the initial switch to turn the actin thin filament on and then crossbridge kinetics define how long the thin filament will remain active E.) A & Barrow_forwardWhich of the following is not true when comparing slow twitch red and fast twitch white muscle fibers? Question 2 options: a) Red contain more mitochondria than white b) Red contain more myoglobin than white c) Red contracts more slowly than white d) Red contain more glycogen stores than whitearrow_forwardWhat is the difference between a single cross-bridge power stroke and a single twitch of a skeletal muscle fiber?arrow_forward
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