Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 43, Problem 4TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The sliding filament model explains that the precise control of muscle contraction starts with action potentials traveling down an efferent neuron through a signaling pathway that causes muscle contractions, which are responsible for the body motions. These neural signals carry information from nerves to muscle fibers and trigger contractions.
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With regard to muscle contraction, which of the following is an INCORRECT statement with regard to the interactions of filaments that occur in the sarcomere?
A. When muscles are relaxed tropomyosin blocks binding sites on actin subunits, which keeps cross-bridges from forming.
B. The myosin heads conduct a power stroke motion to slide when bound to actin, to move the "thin" filaments towards the center of the sarcomere.
C. During contraction, actin subunits are removed from the ends of the "thin" filaments to shorten actin polymers, thus reducing the length of the sarcomere.
D. "Thick" filaments are anchored at the M-line, while "thin" filaments are anchored at the Z-line.
E. Numerous myosin heads engage with the actin filaments simultaneously, such that there is no back-slipping during the contraction process.
The sliding filament mechanism describes the process during which: a. actin and myosin slide relative to each other b. sarcomeres slide relative to each other c. troponin and tropomyosin slide relative to each other d. muscle fibers slide past each other
The functions of tropomyosin in skeletal muscle include
A. releasing calcium ions after initiation of contraction.
B. generating ATP which it passes to the contractile mechanism.
C. binding to myosin during contraction.
D. acting as a relaxing protein at rest by covering up the sites where myosin binds to actin.
E. sliding on actin to produce shortening.
Chapter 43 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 43.1 - Prob. 1SBCh. 43.1 - Prob. 2SBCh. 43.1 - Prob. 3SBCh. 43.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 43.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 43.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 43.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 43 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 3TYK
Ch. 43 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 43 - Which of the following is not an example of a...Ch. 43 - Endoskeletons: a. protect internal organs and...Ch. 43 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 43 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 43 - Prob. 3ITDCh. 43 - Prob. 4ITD
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- Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/micromacro) to learn more about macro- and microstructures of skeletal muscles. (a) What are the names of the junction points between sarcomeres? (b) What are the names of the subunits within the myofibrils that run the length of skeletal muscle fibers? (c) What is the “double strand of pearls� described in the video? (d) What gives a skeletal muscle fiber its striated appearance?arrow_forwardThe organization of myosin in smooth and striated muscle: A.) differ because smooth muscle lacks sarcomeres B.) is identical but the organization of actin is different C.) is identical but the isoforms of myosin differ D.) differ because striated muscle myosin forms filaments but smooth muscle myosin does not ATP is required for: a.) the phosphorylation of the myosin head in smooth muscle b.) the movement of tropomyosin on the actin filament c.) the swing of the myosin lever arm d.) A and B e.) tethering troponin I to troponin Carrow_forwardFor relaxation to occur, A. calcium leaves the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and troponin binds calcium and blocks the binding sites on actin. B. calcium enters the myofibril, it detaches from myosin, and the binding sites on myosin become inactive. C. sarcoplasm calcium levels fall, calcium is removed from troponin, and tropomyosin blocks binding sites on actin. D. extracellular calcium levels fall, calcium is pumped into the myofibril, and tropomyosin slides away from actin.arrow_forward
- During muscle isometric tension, the maximum tension occurs when: There is no overlapping between the actin and myosin O a. O b. None of these The myosin and actin overlap without crossing the center O d. The myosin and actin totally overlap Dilatant flow is characterized as a reverse phenomenon of: a. Newtonian flow O b. Plastic flow O c. Pseudoplastic flow O d. Rheopexyarrow_forwardMyosin binds to actin, then bends. What is ATP needed for next? A. to pump the Ca++ “keys” back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum B. to replace the strap and cover the binding sites C. to give feedback to the neuron that contraction occurred D. to un-bind myosin from actin and re-set for another powerstroke.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is FALSE regarding skeletal muscle contraction? O a. Calcium binds troponin specifically on a calcium binding site which then leads to tropomyosin movement O b. The action potential of a motor nerve is transmitted to a muscle fibre through the neuromuscular junction which is a fusion of nerve and muscle cell membranes O c. Fine motor movement/control is a result of recruiting smaller motor units O d. Calcium is pumped into storage soon after it is released to the cytoplasmarrow_forward
- Crossbridges that form during muscle contraction are a bond between: A. Myoglobin and Troponin B. Hemoglobin and Glycogen C. Actin and Myosin D. Toponin and Tropomyosinarrow_forwardthe troponin/tropomyosin complex will inhibit the crossbridges of myosin from with actin. this is true during: A. Muscle relaxation B. Muscle contraction C. Nerve stimulation D. Both a & barrow_forwardStriated and smooth muscle activation differ because: a.) striated muscle activation is due to structural changes in the actin thin filament while smooth muscle activation requires structural changes in the myosin thick filament b.) striated muscle excitation is voltage dependent and smooth muscle is not c.) striated muscle activation requires calcium but smooth muscle does not d.) troponin C binds calcium in striated muscle while tropomyosin binds calcium in smooth muscle e.) A & Darrow_forward
- In tonic smooth muscle that contracts continuously for long periods, the highly efficient "latch state" depends on Select one: O a. high activity of myosin light-chain phosphatase. Ob. very slow turnover of ATP bound to myosin. O C. slow release of Ca* by troponin C. O d. high myosin ATPase activity.arrow_forwardStriated muscle twitch force reaches a maximum after nearly all of the calcium is pumped out of the sarcomere and back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum because: A.) sarcomere activation is not dependent on calcium B.) calcium inhibits force production C.) calcium interferes with ATP hydrolysis D.) Calcium is the initial switch to turn the actin thin filament on and then crossbridge kinetics define how long the thin filament will remain active E.) A & Barrow_forwardMatch the ATP duty of myosin to its description ATP binding ATP hydrolysis Pi release ADP release A. myosin releases actin, cross-bridge dissociation, step in cycle that is interrupted at death, the molecular basis of rigor mortis B. conformation change causing power stroke C. cocking of the motor domain, high-energy conformation D. binding of myosin to actin, improved by drug which led to increased cardiac outputarrow_forward
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