Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 43, Problem 2TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The skeletal muscle consists of muscle fibers that are cylindrical and run along the entire length of the skeletal muscle. The muscle fibers consist of many fibrils that give a striated appearance to the muscle. The muscle fibers are multinucleated and supply nutrients and oxygen to the muscles tissue.
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When a skeletal muscle fiber undergoes a concentric isotonic contraction,a. M lines remain the same distance apart.b. Z lines move closer to the ends of the A bands.c. A bands become shorter.d. I bands become wider.e. M lines move closer to the end of the A band.
Match the following terms with the correct definition._____ Z-disc a. The dark band containing the entire length of the thick filament _____ Sarcomere b. The band of proteins in the middle of the H zone_____ A band c. The boundary between sarcomeres_____ H zone d. The functional unit of contraction_____ I band e. The middle region of the A band containing only thick filaments_____ M line f. The light band containing only thinfilaments
Concerning the cross-bridge (CB) power stroke, it is true that:
O a.
All of these
O b. In concentric contractions, the CB power stroke pulls the actin filament toward the center of the
sarcomere, causing sarcomere shortening
O C. In isometric contractions, the CB power stroke pulls the actin filament straight down, preventing
shortening or lengthening
O d. In eccentric contractions, the CB power stroke pushes the actin filament away from the center of the
sarcomere, causing sarcomere lengthening
TOSHIBA
Chapter 43 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 43.1 - Prob. 1SBCh. 43.1 - Prob. 2SBCh. 43.1 - Prob. 3SBCh. 43.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 43.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 43.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 43.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 43 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 3TYK
Ch. 43 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 43 - Which of the following is not an example of a...Ch. 43 - Endoskeletons: a. protect internal organs and...Ch. 43 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 43 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 43 - Prob. 3ITDCh. 43 - Prob. 4ITD
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- Explain why (a) calcium ions and (b) ACh are vital for muscle contraction.arrow_forwardEvery skeletal muscle fiber is supplied by a motor neuron at the NMJ. Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/skelmuscfiber) to learn more about what happens at the neuromuscular junction. (a) What is the definition of a motor unit? (b) What is the structural and functional difference between a large motor unit and a small motor unit? Can you give an example of each? (c) Why is the neurotransmitter acetylcholine degraded after binding to its receptor?arrow_forwardRepetitive stimulation of a skeletal muscle fiber will cause an increase in contractile strength because repetitive stimulation causes an increase in Select one : O a . The velocity of muscle contraction O b . The number of muscle myofibrils generating tension O Concentration of calcium in the myoplasm O d . The duration of cross - bridge cyclingarrow_forward
- Summation in a single muscle fibre means that Select one: a. the fibre increases the frequency of contraction b. the fibre stays contracted longer c. the fibre increases the force of the contraction and stays contracted longer d. the fibre increases the force of the contraction e. the fibre increases both the force and frequency of contractionarrow_forwardConsidering the force of contraction of a skeletal muscle fiber,wave summation occurs because ofa. increased strength of action potentials on the plasma membrane.b. a decreased number of cross-bridges formed.c. an increase in Ca2+concentration around the myofibrils.d. an increased number of motor units recruited.e. increased permeability of the sarcolemma to Ca2+arrow_forwardWhat role (function) does calcium have within a muscle fiber? a. trigger muscle potentials along t-tubules b. trigger contraction by causing the formation of cross bridges c. trigger exocytosis of ACh across the synaptic space d. trigger action potentials along axons e. open voltage gates within the sarcoplasmic reticulum 2. Which of the following are regulatory proteins that allow a muscle fiber to contract when calcium is present? (select all that apply) dystrophin troponin myosin tropomyosin actin 3. During this phase of an action potential, potassium ions exit the cell through voltage gated potassium channels. a. depolarization b. repolarization c. glycolysis d. cross bridge formationarrow_forward
- With regard to muscle contraction, which of the following is an INCORRECT statement with regard to the interactions of filaments that occur in the sarcomere? A. When muscles are relaxed tropomyosin blocks binding sites on actin subunits, which keeps cross-bridges from forming. B. The myosin heads conduct a power stroke motion to slide when bound to actin, to move the "thin" filaments towards the center of the sarcomere. C. During contraction, actin subunits are removed from the ends of the "thin" filaments to shorten actin polymers, thus reducing the length of the sarcomere. D. "Thick" filaments are anchored at the M-line, while "thin" filaments are anchored at the Z-line. E. Numerous myosin heads engage with the actin filaments simultaneously, such that there is no back-slipping during the contraction process.arrow_forwardIn tonic smooth muscle that contracts continuously for long periods, the highly efficient "latch state" depends on Select one: O a. high activity of myosin light-chain phosphatase. Ob. very slow turnover of ATP bound to myosin. O C. slow release of Ca* by troponin C. O d. high myosin ATPase activity.arrow_forwardMuscle fibers contractions differ with regard to tension and shortening. When a muscle Fiber begins to contract (and the muscle fiber has yet to shorten), the contraction is called, ;when the muscle fiber is both contracting and shortening, the contraction 28. is called, A. Isometric : Isoconcentric B. Isotonic : Isoconcentric C. Isometric : Isotonic D. Isotonic : Isometricarrow_forward
- 5. State the structure and function of each of the following parts of a muscle fiber. (See pg. 13 of Filled In BIOL 2401 Comp Obls.) Practice with this interactive online card activity. W Sarcolemma Sarcoplasm sarcoplasmic reticulum transverse tubules ish (United States) ● Definition Platelets that cross the cell which has a lots of acetylcholine receptors ● Platelets that cross the cell which has a lots of acetylcholine receptors 6. Identify each of the following structures when given images of skeletal muscle fibers such as the one below. an entire muscle fiber myofibril myofilaments SEP 9 Function Regulates what crosses the cells that has lots of acetylcholine receptors · (smooth ER) - stores Ca+2 ions sarcoplasmic reticulum transverse tubules . cisternae MacBook Air 0 Focusarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are true of the neuromuscular junction? (Read carefully and select all the correct statements.) A. A synapse is the space between two muscle fibers. B. Acetylcholine is released from vesicles in the sarcolemma. C. The axon terminal is the end of a sensory neuron. D. Acetylcholine makes the sarcolemma more permeable to calcium ions. E. Cholinesterase is an enzyme that destroys acetylcholine so that the impulse will continue at the same strength. F. The receptors for acetylcholine are in the sarcolemma.arrow_forwardDescribe the contraction of a muscle fiber, starting with what events take place at the neuromuscular junction, explaining how depolarization along the length of the sarcolemma occurs, the role of calcium (where it is released, what it binds to, etc.), and the events that occur after calcium binds to troponin. Draw a few simple, labelled diagrams of a neuromuscular junction and sarcomere and outline the steps of excitation-contraction coupling, including power stroke, recovery stroke, formation of cross bridges, role of ATP, etc.arrow_forward
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