Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 43, Problem 5TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The muscles of humans and other mammals are mixed and contain different proportions of slow and fast muscle fibers, depending upon their functions. Based on their rate of contraction and resistance to fatigue, they are classified as slow fibers, fast aerobic fibers, and fast anaerobic fibers.
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One of the primary reasons that one individual is faster in a 50-meter sprint than another is a. a greater number of muscle fibers of smaller diameter. b. more oxidative fibers in the lower limb muscles. c. an enhanced ability to deliver oxygen to the muscles. d. a greater percentage of fast-twitch fibers in the lower limb muscles.
Which of the following effects result(s) from aging on the muscular system?a. Muscle mass declines.b. Slow-twitch fibers are affected most by aging.c. Fatigue occurs more quickly.d. Increased muscle tone limits stability.e. The gait lengthens and is slower.
Which of the following statements relating to the factors affecting the force of muscle contraction is false?
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d. more motor units recruited causes stronger contractions
e. none of the above
Chapter 43 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 43.1 - Prob. 1SBCh. 43.1 - Prob. 2SBCh. 43.1 - Prob. 3SBCh. 43.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 43.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 43.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 43.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 43 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 3TYK
Ch. 43 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 43 - Which of the following is not an example of a...Ch. 43 - Endoskeletons: a. protect internal organs and...Ch. 43 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 43 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 43 - Prob. 3ITDCh. 43 - Prob. 4ITD
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- When the length of the muscle stays the same but the force increases during contraction it is referred to as an: A. Isotonic Contraction B. Isometric Contraction C. Isotreppid Contraction D. Isochronal Contractionarrow_forwardWhich of the following describes a similarity between cardiac and smooth muscle cells?a. An action potential always precedes contraction.b. The majority of the Ca21 that activates contraction comes from theextracellular fluid.c. Action potentials are generated by slow waves.d. An extensive system of T-tubules is present.e. Ca21 release and contraction strengths are gradedarrow_forwardThe series-elastic component of muscle contraction is responsible for a.increased muscle shortening to successive twitches. b.a time delay between contraction and shortening. c.the lengthening of muscle after contraction has ceased. d.all of these.arrow_forward
- After employing steady-state endurance training for 6-months, in preparation for marathon, which of the following physiological parameters would be significantly increased in the skeletal muscles of the legs at rest? a. Mitochondrial density b. CK enzyme activity c. Glycogen storage d. CPT activity e. All of the above f. Only A, C and D are correctarrow_forwardA bacterial toxin is known to block the release of ACh at the motor end plate of skeletal muscle. Consequently, a. the skeletal muscle contracts with increasing force. b. the skeletal muscle contracts with increasing frequency. c. the ability to stimulate the muscle is impaired. d. other neurotransmitters would stimulate the muscle.arrow_forwardFind the false statement about white muscle fibers (glycolytic fibers)? Se ect one: a. Fiber diameter are small b. Like gastrocnemius muscle C. Fast or slow twitch muscle fibers d. Low fatigue resistant e. Mitochondrial density is lawarrow_forward
- Which of the following is true? A. Muscle fibers either will contract with all the force possible under existing conditions or will not contract at all. B. Skeletal muscles can contract with varying degrees of strength given different circumstances. C. Muscle length does not have an effect on contractile strength. D. Metabolic condition of the myocyte does not have an effect on contractile strength.arrow_forwardWhen a muscle is fully stretched, which of the following statements is true (check all that apply). Select one or more: a. No tension can be generated. b. Both contractile and elastic forces generate tension. c. The actin and myosin filaments cannot interact. d. No developed or contractile tension can be generated. e. Passive or elastic forces generate tension.arrow_forwardWhich of the following represents the maximal amount of musclecontraction?a. tetanusb. tonec. twitchd. fermentationarrow_forward
- Compared with skeletal muscle, visceral smooth muscle a. has the same ability to be stretched. b. loses the ability to contract forcefully when stretched. C. maintains about the same tension, even when stretched. d. cannot maintain long, steady contractions. e. can accumulate a substantial oxygen deficitarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the microscopic structure of smooth muscle fibers is incorrect? a. smooth muscle cells lack myofibrils, sarcomere, and t-tubules b. smooth muscle cells contain endomysium only c. smooth muscles cells contain caveolae that sequesters calcium ions d. all of the above e. none of the abovearrow_forwardA weight lifter attempts to lift a weight from the floor, but the weightis so heavy that he is unable to move it. The type of muscle contraction the weight lifter is using is mostlya. isometric. c. isokinetic. e. eccentric.b. isotonic. d. concentricarrow_forward
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