Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 43, Problem 3TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The sliding filament model of muscle contraction explains the mechanism by which the muscles contract. According to this concept, the myosin binds to the actin, which depends upon the dynamic interactions between actin and myosin protein filaments within the sarcomeres of the muscle fibers. This creates cross-bridges and slides past one another causing contractions.
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During muscle isometric tension, the maximum tension occurs when:
There is no overlapping between the actin and myosin
O a.
O b. None of these
The myosin and actin overlap without crossing the center
O d. The myosin and actin totally overlap
Dilatant flow is characterized as a reverse phenomenon of:
a.
Newtonian flow
O b. Plastic flow
O c. Pseudoplastic flow
O d. Rheopexy
When a skeletal muscle fiber undergoes a concentric isotonic contraction,a. M lines remain the same distance apart.b. Z lines move closer to the ends of the A bands.c. A bands become shorter.d. I bands become wider.e. M lines move closer to the end of the A band.
The mechanism of muscle contraction is best explained by the sliding filament model. According to this model, thin ___i___ filaments slide over thick ___ii___ filaments.The statement given above is completed by information in row
Row
i
ii
A.
myosin
actin
B.
myosin
myosin
C.
actin
actin
D.
actin
myosin
Chapter 43 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 43.1 - Prob. 1SBCh. 43.1 - Prob. 2SBCh. 43.1 - Prob. 3SBCh. 43.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 43.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 43.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 43.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 43 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 3TYK
Ch. 43 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 43 - Which of the following is not an example of a...Ch. 43 - Endoskeletons: a. protect internal organs and...Ch. 43 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 43 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 43 - Prob. 3ITDCh. 43 - Prob. 4ITD
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- Considering the force of contraction of a skeletal muscle fiber,wave summation occurs because ofa. increased strength of action potentials on the plasma membrane.b. a decreased number of cross-bridges formed.c. an increase in Ca2+concentration around the myofibrils.d. an increased number of motor units recruited.e. increased permeability of the sarcolemma to Ca2+arrow_forwardAccording to the sliding filament theory: O a. The tension increases linearly as actin-myosin overlap increases O b. All of these O c. The interference between actin filaments reduces ability of crossbridges to develop tension d. The active force development in the sarcomere depends on actin-myosin overlap A zero tension is developed when no overlap between actin and myosin e. TOSHIBAarrow_forwardWith regard to muscle contraction, which of the following is an INCORRECT statement with regard to the interactions of filaments that occur in the sarcomere? A. When muscles are relaxed tropomyosin blocks binding sites on actin subunits, which keeps cross-bridges from forming. B. The myosin heads conduct a power stroke motion to slide when bound to actin, to move the "thin" filaments towards the center of the sarcomere. C. During contraction, actin subunits are removed from the ends of the "thin" filaments to shorten actin polymers, thus reducing the length of the sarcomere. D. "Thick" filaments are anchored at the M-line, while "thin" filaments are anchored at the Z-line. E. Numerous myosin heads engage with the actin filaments simultaneously, such that there is no back-slipping during the contraction process.arrow_forward
- Summation in a single muscle fibre means that Select one: a. the fibre increases the frequency of contraction b. the fibre stays contracted longer c. the fibre increases the force of the contraction and stays contracted longer d. the fibre increases the force of the contraction e. the fibre increases both the force and frequency of contractionarrow_forwardPut the following skeletal muscle contraction events in the order that they occur: a. The myosin head swivels toward the center of the sarcomere. b. Calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and bind to troponin. c. An action potential is propagated along the sarcolemma and transverse tubules. d. Myosin binds to actin, forming crossbridges. e. Myosin heads bind ATP molecules and release from actin. f. Tropomyosin molecules are moved off active sites on actin. g. ATPase splits ATP, providing the energy to reset the myosin head.arrow_forwardMuscle fibers contractions differ with regard to tension and shortening. When a muscle Fiber begins to contract (and the muscle fiber has yet to shorten), the contraction is called, ;when the muscle fiber is both contracting and shortening, the contraction 28. is called, A. Isometric : Isoconcentric B. Isotonic : Isoconcentric C. Isometric : Isotonic D. Isotonic : Isometricarrow_forward
- Repetitive stimulation of a skeletal muscle fiber will cause an increase in contractile strength because repetitive stimulation causes an increase in Select one : O a . The velocity of muscle contraction O b . The number of muscle myofibrils generating tension O Concentration of calcium in the myoplasm O d . The duration of cross - bridge cyclingarrow_forwardConcerning the cross-bridge (CB) power stroke, it is true that: O a. All of these O b. In concentric contractions, the CB power stroke pulls the actin filament toward the center of the sarcomere, causing sarcomere shortening O C. In isometric contractions, the CB power stroke pulls the actin filament straight down, preventing shortening or lengthening O d. In eccentric contractions, the CB power stroke pushes the actin filament away from the center of the sarcomere, causing sarcomere lengthening TOSHIBAarrow_forwardThe sliding filament mechanism describes the process during which: a. actin and myosin slide relative to each other b. sarcomeres slide relative to each other c. troponin and tropomyosin slide relative to each other d. muscle fibers slide past each otherarrow_forward
- Why is the latent period longer during an isotonic twitch of a skeletalmuscle fiber than it is during an isometric twitch?a. Excitation–contraction coupling is slower during an isotonic twitch.b. Action potentials propagate more slowly when the fiber is shortening,so extra time is required to activate the entire fiber.c. In addition to the time for excitation-contraction coupling, it takesextra time for enough cross-bridges to attach to make the tension in themuscle fiber greater than the load.d. Fatigue sets in much more quickly during isotonic contractions, andwhen muscles are fatigued the cross-bridges move much more slowly.e. The latent period is longer because isotonic twitches only occur in slow(type I) muscle fibers.arrow_forwardwhich of the following statement is true? a. Fast fibers have difficulty fatiguing b. Fast fibers have large glycogen reserves c. Fast fibers containe loosely packed myofibrils d. Fast fibers have a small diameterarrow_forwardMyosin myofilaments area. attached to the Z disk.b. found primarily in the I band.c. thinner than actin myofilaments.d. absent from the H zone.e. attached to filaments that form the M line.arrow_forward
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