Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 43, Problem 11TYK
Summary Introduction
To review:
The right kind of muscle characteristics for a short but powerful run, and the alteration in training, in case of marathon run.
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Indicate which of the following are true.
Chronically shortened muscles will lose sarcomeres in series in order to maintain ideal amounts of myofilament overlap.
Contractile force is proportional to the length of a muscle.
Muscle organ contraction is all or nothing.
Muscle cells are surrounded by an endomysium.
Actin is the thick filament and Z-lines are where the cross-bridges zig-zag to adjacent actin filaments.
Muscles with fewer motor units are weaker, i.e., capable of less force.
A nerve impulse, calcium, and ATP are necessary for muscle contraction.
Tendons attach bones to bones and help to limit the range of motion at joints.
Muscle tissue is very dynamic and will respond to chronic stress by becoming stronger (making more myofilaments), chronic contraction by becoming shorter (losing sarcomeres in series), and stretching by becoming longer (adding sarcomeres in series).
Myofilaments are actually long strands of proteins.
In some fitness exercises you will build muscle mass but do not train the muscle to be effective. What type of training will do that and why do people do these types of trainings?
Which of the following alters the force of skeletal muscle contraction?
the frequency of stimulation
does NOT alter the force of skeletal muscle contraction alters the force of skeletal muscle contraction
the size of the fibers being stimulated
does NOT alter the force of skeletal muscle contraction alters the force of skeletal muscle contraction
the number of muscle fibers stimulated
does NOT alter the force of skeletal muscle contraction alters the force of skeletal muscle contraction
the length- tension relationship of the muscle
does NOT alter the force of skeletal muscle contraction alters the force of skeletal muscle contraction
Chapter 43 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 43.1 - Prob. 1SBCh. 43.1 - Prob. 2SBCh. 43.1 - Prob. 3SBCh. 43.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 43.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 43.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 43.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 43 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 3TYK
Ch. 43 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 43 - Which of the following is not an example of a...Ch. 43 - Endoskeletons: a. protect internal organs and...Ch. 43 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 43 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 43 - Prob. 3ITDCh. 43 - Prob. 4ITD
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- How does exercise prevent injury? How do you use the FITT principle for a beginner? What exercise causes the most injuries?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is not likely to result from endurance training alone?a. Increase in oxidative enzymes in the muscle fiberb. A transition from type IIb to type IIa muscle fibersc. Hypertrophy of the muscle fibersd. Increase in blood supply to the muscle fibersarrow_forwardWe move a lot and do not even realize how intricate these movements may be from gross motor to fine motor manipulations. Briefly explain the steps involved in a single muscle contraction beginning at the neuromuscular junction through one complete contraction and relaxation for the sliding filament theory. Don’t forget to include all the major proteins (actin, myosin, troponin and tropomyosin) involved as well as calcium and ATP.arrow_forward
- Explain in detail: What does the ‘sliding filament model of muscle contraction’ discuss or explain? What are filaments composed of and how do contractions occur, commenting on calcium and ATP process.arrow_forwardIn an isometric contraction, how can the muscle stay the same length when the muscle is contracting? Can choose more than one - The muscle is not able to generate more (or the same amount) force than the load, preventing shortening of the muscle. - Calcium stops entering the sarcoplasm when the desired length is reached. - Elastic elements of the muscle stretch in response to the contraction of the muscle, so that the muscle stays the same size despite shortening sarcomeres. - The myosin heads detach from actin when they reach the desired length.arrow_forwardWhich one of the following is key element to overall athletic performance? Select one: a. Increase available lactic acid to increase neural sensitivity. O b. Building up inorganic phosphate depos above 10 mM levels to increase muscle contractibility c. To maximize energy use without reaching the limitations of any of the energy supply systems. O d. Minimize tissue hydration in order to maximize osmolality of tissue.arrow_forward
- Isometric exercise is best described as applying a force O a) with movement through a full and complete range of motion O b) while a muscle is lengthening and returning to a resting position c) without any change in length of the muscle O d) at a constant speedarrow_forwardExplain the following two statements: Muscles can only actively contract; muscle fibers lengthen passively.arrow_forwardWhich among the four choices below is NOT a typically way to measure muscle strength? Maximum force that can be exerted during an isometric contraction Maximum load that can be lifted at once Peak torque during an isokinetic contraction Number of repetitions before muscle fatigue sets inarrow_forward
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