Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 43, Problem 15TYK
Summary Introduction
To review:
An experiment using rats to determine whether endurance training alters the proportion of slow, fast aerobic, and fast anaerobic muscle fibers.
Introduction:
Generally, muscle fibers are of three types: Slow muscle fibers contract slowly but do not fatigue rapidly. Fast aerobic fibers contract relatively quickly and vigorously, but fatigue quickly than slow fibers. Fast anaerobic fibers contract rapidly and vigorously than fast aerobic fibers but fatigue rapidly. The number of mitochondria in fiber determines its capacity to produce ATP.
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Which of the following step(s) about the excitation of skeletal muscle is/are incorrect?
1. Acetylcholine is released and binds to motor end plate receptors
2. An action potential is created and moves down T-tubules
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4. Calcium ions bind to tropomyosin to shift troponin off the binding sites for cross-bridging
5. Myosin forms cross-bridges and binds with actin to pull it towards middle of sarcomere
Name the system that provides a ready supply of phosphocreatine to muscle cells and describe where the different components of this system take place.
Name the three Nobel Prize winners whose research work involved muscle or muscular exercise.
Chapter 43 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 43.1 - Prob. 1SBCh. 43.1 - Prob. 2SBCh. 43.1 - Prob. 3SBCh. 43.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 43.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 43.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 43.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 43 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 3TYK
Ch. 43 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 43 - Which of the following is not an example of a...Ch. 43 - Endoskeletons: a. protect internal organs and...Ch. 43 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 43 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 43 - Prob. 3ITDCh. 43 - Prob. 4ITD
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- Distinguish between skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle in terms of location and whether they have sarcomeres. Use the sliding filament model to draw how thin filaments, thick filaments, and Z lines move during muscle contraction. Predict how perturbations of acetylcholine release, reception, or breakdown will influence muscle contraction. Predict how perturbations of actin, troponin, tropomyosin, myosin, or calcium would influence muscle contraction. Distinguish between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Predict how changes in stress levels or situations would affect activation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system, levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine, and blood pressure.arrow_forwardSkeletal muscle cells undergo contractions based on a molecular mechanism involving: 1)the sliding of actin and myosin filaments past each other without any change in filament length 2) the shortening of actin filaments following direct interaction with myosin 3) dynamic instability of microtubules 4)nonearrow_forwardExplain the following two statements: Muscles can only actively contract; muscle fibers lengthen passively.arrow_forward
- Compare and contrast the effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on skeletal muscles.arrow_forwardDescribe in details the biochemical and mechanochemical series of events that enables motor neurons to trigger muscle contraction, using the biceps brachii as an example.arrow_forwardWhich of these is the proper sequence of these events of muscle contraction 1) Action potential propagating down into the T-tubule 2) Power stroke 3) Ca+2 is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum 4) The tropomyosin shifts out of the way thereby exposing the active sites of the actin Question 7 options: a) 1 à 3 à 4 à 2 b) 4 à 3 à 2 à 1 c) 1 à 4 à 2 à 3 d) 3 à 1 à 4 à 2arrow_forward
- Predict how skeletal muscles may adapt to exercise.arrow_forwardA study of muscle fibers between chimpanzees and humans revealed that although muscle mass per body size are approximately equivalent, the ratio of red (slow) and white (fast) fibers were significantly different. Chimps tend to have a ratio of 30% red to 70% white where humans are 60/40 respectively. Speculate about what this ratio difference means in terms of muscle activity potential and a possible evolutionary significance of this difference.arrow_forwardGraph and describe the relationship between movement velocity and the amount of force exerted during muscular contraction.arrow_forward
- describe in detail how the Actin, Myosin, Troponin, and Tropomyosin interact to create a contraction.arrow_forwardThe sliding filament model depicts how myosin motors attached to actin lead to muscle contraction. This process proceeds in a precise series of events. Indicate which of the following shows the correct order of steps in the sliding filament model. Group of answer choices Myosin binds ATP; myosin tightly binds actin; power stroke; myosin releases actin Myosin binds GTP; myosin releases actin; power stroke; myosin tightly binds actin Actin binds ATP; power stroke; myosin tightly binds actin; actin releases ADP Actin binds ADP; myosin releases actin; power stroke; actin releases ADParrow_forwardYou can choose one or more than one option About human skeletal muscle contraction, what are the correct statements? PHYSIOLOGY basi:. A muscle fiber is made by the parallel apposition of sarcomers. Generation of force relies on the formation of cross-bridges between actin and myosin filaments. In the process of contraction, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is required both to drive the actin-myosin association-dissociation cycle and to recycle calcium back to the endoplasmic reticulum. Each muscle fiber is innervated by one neuron only tubules are plasma membrane imaginations of the sarcolemma that allow excitation-contraction coupling Arginase is an enzyme that : BIOCHEMISTRY advanced is expressed in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes shows two isoenzymes in mammals. found in the liver and other tissues catalyzes the formation of urea and ornithine from arginine. induces hyperammonemia when it is overexpressed is inhibited by basic amino acids such as lysine and ornithine.…arrow_forward
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