CAMPBELL BIOLOGY,VOL.II >CUSTOM<
17th Edition
ISBN: 9781323803677
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 42, Problem 8TYU
DRAW IT Plot blood pressure against time for one cardiac cycle in humans, drawing separate lines for the pressure in the aorta, the left ventricle, and the right ventricle. Below the time axis, add a vertical arrow pointing to the time when you expect a peak in atrial blood pressure.
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The events of the cardiac cycle cause cyclical changes in left ventricular pressure and volume over time. Another way to represent
these events is with a pressure-volume loop, as shown below. Drag the labels from the left into the appropriate boxes on the pressure-
volume loop to demonstrate your understanding of the cardiac cycle.
Aortic valve closure
AV valve opening
Systolic pressure
Isovolumetric relaxation
Isovolumetric contraction
120
Diastolic pressure
Ventricular filling
80
End-diastolic volume
Ventricular ejection
40
AV valve closure
End-systolic volume
Aortic valve opening
60
120
LV volume (mL)
O McGraw-Hill Education
Reset
LV pressure (mm Hg)
Plot blood pressure against time for one cardiac cycle in humans, drawing separate lines for the pressure in the aorta, the left ventricle, and the right ventricle. Below the time axis, add a vertical arrow pointing to the time when you expect a peak in atrial blood pressure.
Once you have studied the wiggers diagram
Create your own outline of the steps with a brief explanation of each step.
Why each step occurs when it does; example p-wave occurs before atrial contraction becasue it is the indication that electrical current traveled through the atria to cause atrial depolorization.
You should cover all major steps from start to end of a single cardiac cycle.
number of steps you include are up to you depending on how you are looking at it, but make sure all major steps are covered
Chapter 42 Solutions
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY,VOL.II >CUSTOM<
Ch. 42.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 42.1 - Three-chambered hearts with incomplete septa were...Ch. 42.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42.2 - Explain why blood has a higher 02 concentration in...Ch. 42.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 42.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 42.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 42.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42.4 - Explain why a physician might order a white cell...
Ch. 42.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 42.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42.4 - Prob. 4CCCh. 42.5 - Why is an internal location for gas exchange...Ch. 42.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 42.5 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Describe similarities in the...Ch. 42.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 42.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 42.6 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42.7 - What determines whether O2 and CO2 undergo net...Ch. 42.7 - How does the Bohr shift help deliver O2 to very...Ch. 42.7 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42 - How does the flow of a fluid in a closed...Ch. 42 - Prob. 42.2CRCh. 42 - Prob. 42.3CRCh. 42 - Prob. 42.4CRCh. 42 - Prob. 42.5CRCh. 42 - How does air in the lungs differ from the fresh...Ch. 42 - How are the roles of a respiratory pigment and an...Ch. 42 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 42 - Blood returning to the mammalian heart in a...Ch. 42 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 42 - When you hold your breath, which of the following...Ch. 42 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 42 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 42 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 42 - DRAW IT Plot blood pressure against time for one...Ch. 42 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION One opponent of the movie...Ch. 42 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 42 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 42 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INTERACTIONS Some athletes...Ch. 42 - Prob. 13TYU
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- As blood flows from the aorta to the arteries, arterioles, and capillaries and through the venous circulation, it encounters various resistances to flow, which results in pressure drops. Using the table, calculate the resistance for an artery and a capillary. (Note: The viscosity of the blood is 3.5 × 10-3 Pa-s.)arrow_forwardBased on the Image below make a simple explanation (be unique, you can present it through diagrams or shapes) about the flow of blood into and from the heart.arrow_forwardExplain why mean arterial pressure is not equal to (systolic pressure – diastolic pressure) ÷ 2? Put another way, why is MAP not calculated by taking the traditional arithmetic mean of systolic and diastolic blood pressures?arrow_forward
- A variety of ways to calculate heart rate from an ECG may be used. The quickest way to calculate heart rate on a rhythm strip is: Count the number of large squares between one R-R interval, and divide this number into 1500. Calculate the number of QRS complexes in 1 minute Count the number of R-R intervals in 6 seconds, and multiply by 10 Count the number of small squares between one R-R interval, and multiply this number by 300.arrow_forwardSelect TRUE or FALSE to best describe the statements below, relating the events of the cardiac cycle. Keep in mind that these events may be chemical, electrical and mechanical. atrial pressure is greater than ventricular pressure while semilunar valves are оpen ventricular pressure is greater than atrial pressure when the atrioventricular valves are closed atrioventricular valves are open during ventricular emptying the end diastolic volume of the ventricles is reached before ventricles contract 1 ventricular filling occurs before depolarization of the atria 1 atrioventricular valves and 1. TRUE 1 semilunar valves are closed at the beginning of ventricular systole 2. FALSE end systolic volume increases when more blood empties from the ventricles the greatest pressure is reached in the ventricles while they are emptying the right atrium depolarizes before the left atrium ventricular depolarization occurs during the T-wave semilunar valves are open during ventricular filling ventricular…arrow_forwardA 43-year-old woman has congestive heart failure after a myocardial infarction. Before the myocardial infarction, she had a cardiac output of 5 L/min and a right atrial pressure of 0 mm Hg at rest. The solid curve in the graph shows the relationship between right atrial pressure and cardiac output in a normal heart. Which of the following lettered points best represents the change in this relationship after the development of congestive heart failure?arrow_forward
- Blood is pushed out of the heart through a large vessel, called the aorta. The aorta then divides into smaller and smaller blood vessels, eventually reaching vessels called capillaries. Capillaries are so small that oxygen and nutrients can diffuse across the vessel walls and into the tissues of the body, with CO2 and waste diffusing back into the blood. Let's say that the cross-sectional area of the aorta is 1 cm2 = 100 mm2. The blood pumps through the aorta at 100 mm/s but only through the capillaries at 1 mm/s. If each capillary has a cross-sectional area of 20 mm2, how many capillaries must there be in the body? Note: these numbers are not physiologically correct, but were chosen to make the math easier. The blood velocity through the aorta is closer to 300 mm/s. The capillaries have a total cross-sectional area of ~600,000 mm2 (6000 cm2), with a blood flow rate closer to 0.2 mm/s.arrow_forwardAn elephant has an aorta that is approximately 8 cm in diameter and a restingheart beat of 35 beats/min. Over the cardiac cycle, do you think that velocityprofiles in the aorta will be: fairly flat, oscillating back and forth, or more parabolic, oscillating back and forth?Make and state necessary assumptions.arrow_forwardWhen the heart's electrical system misfires, it's called atrial [term]. The heart starts generating electrical impulses in more than one place, not just in the SA node.arrow_forward
- In a patient with a ventricular septal defect, blood is ejected from the left ventricle into the right ventricle during isovolumic contraction phase of the cardiac cycle. Which pressure volume loop from the left ventricle is most likely from a patient with a ventricular septal defect? The dashed line is a normal loop for reference in all figures. A 120 B 120 C 120- D 120- 75 50- 25 50 100 Left Ventricular Vol (mL) 75- 50 25 75+ 50+ 25+ 150 50 100 150 50 100 150 Left Ventricular Vol (mL) Left Ventricular Vol (mL) 75+ 50+ 25+ 50 100 150 Left Ventricular Vol (mL) -000arrow_forwardI need to calculate the approximate heart rate based on the given ECG results, but I can't get how to determine the length of time between two consecutive R waves. What I see, it's one second between the two highest waves (I suppose they are R waves). But it means the heart rate should be 60 beats per minute, but there is no option for this answer. Teach me how to determine correctly the length of time between two consecutive R waves.arrow_forwardF D H Let's review the electrical events that occur during a heartbeat. Match each phase of the ECG in the figure with its description. ▸ View Available Hint(s) Rearrow_forward
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