CAMPBELL BIOLOGY,VOL.II >CUSTOM<
17th Edition
ISBN: 9781323803677
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 42, Problem 9TYU
EVOLUTION CONNECTION One opponent of the movie monster Godzilla is Mothra, a mothlike creature with a wingspan of several dozen meters. The largest known insects were Paleozoic dragonflies with half-meter wingspans. Focusing on respiration and gas exchange, explain why giant insects are improbable.
Expert Solution & Answer
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Students have asked these similar questions
EVOLUTION CONNECTION One opponent of the moviemonster Godzilla is Mothra, a mothlike creature with awingspan of several dozen meters. The largest known insectswere Paleozoic dragonflies with half-meter wingspans. Focusingon respiration and gas exchange, explain why giant insects areimprobable.
O The toxin causes inappropriate firing of neurons leading to periods of rapid twitching that infected individuals experience as summation
leading to tetanus.
QUESTION 6
Mammalian lungs are very different in structure compared to amphibian lungs. The lungs of mammals have highly complex branching patterns of
airways. The lungs of amphibians are simpler and more sac-like. Over all, the lungs of mammals are capable of much greater rates of gas
exchange compared to amphibians. Why is this?
O The more complex structure provides more surface area across which gas exchange can occur.
O A complex structure means that gases have more contact time with gases compared to a simpler structure.
O Mammalian lungs are usually much bigger relative to their bodies compared to amphibian lungs.
O The respiratory membranes of mammals are able to diffuse gases across them much faster than amphibians.
QUESTION 7
Click Save and Submit to save and submit. Click Save All Answers to save all answers.
P Type…
There are lots of fishes that breathe air, but there are no mammals that breathe water.
Why? Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of breathing either medium, and explain
why air-breathing could evolve in water-breathers, but water-breathing would not re-evolve
in air-breathers.
Donning the hat of a "not-very-intelligent designer", design an efficient gas exchange organ
of an imaginary water-breathing mammal, an endothermic homeotherm with stable core
temperature of 38°C. Although evolution cannot "go back", you may tweak any of its
symplesio- and synapomorphic characters as you wish, and endow it with novel
autopomorphies without explaining how they have been acquired. Focus on making sure
that its gas exchange organ(s) can function and sustain its metabolic rate.
Apart from respiratory issues, what other problem does a mammal have to solve before it
can really breathe water?
Chapter 42 Solutions
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY,VOL.II >CUSTOM<
Ch. 42.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 42.1 - Three-chambered hearts with incomplete septa were...Ch. 42.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42.2 - Explain why blood has a higher 02 concentration in...Ch. 42.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 42.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 42.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 42.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42.4 - Explain why a physician might order a white cell...
Ch. 42.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 42.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42.4 - Prob. 4CCCh. 42.5 - Why is an internal location for gas exchange...Ch. 42.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 42.5 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Describe similarities in the...Ch. 42.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 42.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 42.6 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42.7 - What determines whether O2 and CO2 undergo net...Ch. 42.7 - How does the Bohr shift help deliver O2 to very...Ch. 42.7 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42 - How does the flow of a fluid in a closed...Ch. 42 - Prob. 42.2CRCh. 42 - Prob. 42.3CRCh. 42 - Prob. 42.4CRCh. 42 - Prob. 42.5CRCh. 42 - How does air in the lungs differ from the fresh...Ch. 42 - How are the roles of a respiratory pigment and an...Ch. 42 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 42 - Blood returning to the mammalian heart in a...Ch. 42 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 42 - When you hold your breath, which of the following...Ch. 42 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 42 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 42 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 42 - DRAW IT Plot blood pressure against time for one...Ch. 42 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION One opponent of the movie...Ch. 42 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 42 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 42 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INTERACTIONS Some athletes...Ch. 42 - Prob. 13TYU
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- EVOLUTION LINK Aquatic mammals such as whales and dolphins use lungs rather than gills for gas exchange. Propose a hypothesis to explain why.arrow_forwardOne of the many mutant opponents that the movie monster Godzilla contends with is Mothra, a giant mothlike creature with a wingspan of 7-8 m. Science fiction creatures like these can be critiqued on the grounds of biomechanical and physio- logical principles. Focusing on the principles of gas exchange that you learned about in this chapter, what prob- lems would Mothra face? Why do you think truly giant insects are improbable?arrow_forwardQUESTION 2 Briefly describe the mechanism involved to maximize the oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange in a fish.arrow_forward
- Like typical fish, the crocodile icefish still need and use oxygen for metabolism. Explain why only fish that evolved to live in cold waters, like the crocodile icefish, could lose hemoglobin? ( unlike terrestrial organisms, marine organisms like fish use oxygen dissolved in water.)arrow_forwardWhen researchers first discovered that airflow through a bird’s paleopulmonal parabronchi is unidirectional, the question arose as to whether gas exchange is countercurrent, cocurrent, or cross- current. Some ingenious investigators carried out experiments in which they measured the efficiency of gas exchange between air and blood in duck lungs when parabronchial airflow was in its normal direction and when the direction of parabronchial airflow was artificially reversed. The efficiency did not change. How is this evidence against countercurrent and cocurrent gas exchange? How is this evidence for cross-current exchange?arrow_forwardTrue or False: By comparing the evaginated respiratory structures of aquatic organisms (e.g. gills, skin folds) with the invaginated respiratory structures of terrestrial organisms (below), we can conclude that invaginated lungs and tracheal systems are an adaptation to terrestrial life.arrow_forward
- Choose the three option A, B, Carrow_forwardYou receive animal care and use committee approval to catch a fish, prop open its operculum (gill cover), tie a string around its tail, and tow it backwards through the water for experimental purposes. The fish is then released unharmed. This action forces water to flow backwards over the gill filaments and in between the gill lamellae. What effect would this backwards water flow have on respiration? It would reduce efficiency of gas exchange between water and blood The only effect would be due to the fish's discomfort from this treatment. O It would improve efficiency of gas exchange between water and bloodarrow_forwardGiven this information, and given your knowledge of what gases were thought to be present on ancient Earth, which of the following might be the function hemoglobin would have served in the earliest cells? Hemoglobin originally served to assist in the rudimentary stages of electron transport chains, as they are seen in animals currently. Hemoglobin helped to bind oxygen and deliver it to the components of ancient photosynthesis, as oxygen served as an electron carrier. Hemoglobin originally bound to nitrogen gas and help in the production of proteins and nucleic acids. Hemoglobin bound to oxygen and kept it away from other molecules in the cell, as oxygen is highly reactive and might cause damage to those molecules.arrow_forward
- Lungs ventilated with water occur in some animals—most notably sea cucumbers—but are rare. Why would water lungs be unlikely to be favored by natural selection? Give as many reasons as possible.arrow_forwardIf a mouse and a small lizard of the same mass were placed in an experimental chamber under identical environmental conditions, which animal would consume oxygen at a higher rate? Explain.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is a true statement? A. The concentration of oxygen in water is greater than that in air. B. In animals with gills, ventilation helps to reduce the thickness of the boundary layer. C. Countercurrent flow at the gas-exchange surface results in the diffusion gradient across surface. D. Mammalian lungs requires the diaphragm because the lungs are relatively stiff and filled with parabronchi.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781337392938
Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305389892
Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
From Sea to Changing Sea | Early Life in the Oceans || Radcliffe Institute; Author: Harvard University;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ac0TmDf5Feo;License: Standard youtube license