CAMPBELL BIOLOGY,VOL.II >CUSTOM<
17th Edition
ISBN: 9781323803677
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 42, Problem 12TYU
WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INTERACTIONS Some athletes prepare for competition at sea level by sleeping in a tent in which PO2 is kept low. When climbing high peaks, some mountaineers breathe from bottles of pure O2. In a short essay (100-150 words), relate these behaviors to the mechanism of O2 transport in the human body and to physiological interactions with our gaseous environment.
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All our body tissues require O2 for their function. And, Hemoglobin does this job, i.e., hemoglobin transport the O2 to all the tissues. How will these conditions affect O2 transportation? i. If CO2 increases in the lung.ii. If pH increases in the stomach tissue.
If there were little to no Chloride in the blood, what would happen to CO2 transport and why?
Select one:
O a. CO2 transport would not change because chloride is not part of the carbonic anhydrase reaction
O b. CO2 transport would decline because H+ would not be able to bind to hemoglobin
O c. CO2 transport would decline because HCO3 wouldn't be able to exit the red blood cell thus inhibiting the carbonic anhydrase
reaction
O d. CO2 transport would increase because HCO3 would be able to exit the red blood cell more freely
Chapter 42 Solutions
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY,VOL.II >CUSTOM<
Ch. 42.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 42.1 - Three-chambered hearts with incomplete septa were...Ch. 42.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42.2 - Explain why blood has a higher 02 concentration in...Ch. 42.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 42.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 42.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 42.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42.4 - Explain why a physician might order a white cell...
Ch. 42.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 42.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42.4 - Prob. 4CCCh. 42.5 - Why is an internal location for gas exchange...Ch. 42.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 42.5 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Describe similarities in the...Ch. 42.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 42.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 42.6 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42.7 - What determines whether O2 and CO2 undergo net...Ch. 42.7 - How does the Bohr shift help deliver O2 to very...Ch. 42.7 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42 - How does the flow of a fluid in a closed...Ch. 42 - Prob. 42.2CRCh. 42 - Prob. 42.3CRCh. 42 - Prob. 42.4CRCh. 42 - Prob. 42.5CRCh. 42 - How does air in the lungs differ from the fresh...Ch. 42 - How are the roles of a respiratory pigment and an...Ch. 42 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 42 - Blood returning to the mammalian heart in a...Ch. 42 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 42 - When you hold your breath, which of the following...Ch. 42 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 42 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 42 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 42 - DRAW IT Plot blood pressure against time for one...Ch. 42 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION One opponent of the movie...Ch. 42 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 42 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 42 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INTERACTIONS Some athletes...Ch. 42 - Prob. 13TYU
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- Below is the equation that represents O2 binding to hemoglobin. Hb+4O2⇌Hb(O2)According to Le Chatelier’s principle, which form of the hemoglobin (Hb or Hb(O2)4) is predominant in the lungs where the partial pressure of oxygen is high? Explain. I need help answering thisarrow_forwardBelow are multiple oxygen binding affinity curves for hemoglobin. The affinity curve for normal hemoglobin in blood is represented by curve "D," at a pH of 7.2 and at a concentration of 5mM BPG and 26 mM CO2. O₂ saturation (%) 100 Answer 1: B Answer 2: [Select] Answer 3: B Answer 4: 80 A 60 1. How would changes to acidity, BPG concentration and CO₂ levels affect the binding affinity curve and p50? lower than Answer 5: E 40 1. BPG concentration is decreased to 3mM: The binding affinity curve would look like B. The p50 would be lower than normal (D). 2. pH is increased to 7.6: The binding affinity curve would look like B. The p50 would be [Select] normal (D). 20 3. CO₂ concentration is increased to 30 mM: The binding affinity curve would look like. [Select] The p50 would be Answer 6: 0 normal (D). II. The hemoglobin has been treated with a denaturing solution which disrupts quaternary structure only, and has a binding affinity resembling myoglobin. The binding affinity curve would look…arrow_forwardIn addition to O2 binding, changes in other chemical conditions can result in changes in hemoglobin structure and function. Increases in blood H+ result in oxygen binding curves for hemoglobin that are shifted to the right. The effect of H+ can be understood in terms of the equilibrium:H-Hb+ + O2 → Hb-O2 + H+How does the difference in pH in the lungs and tissues help hemoglobin do its job of delivering oxygen? Use the equilibrium equation in your argument.arrow_forward
- Fill in the blanks using the word bank to describe 02 and CO2 transport in the respiratory system. Words CAN be used more than once. Enhance(s) Reduced Hemoglobin Diffusion Carbaminohemoglobin will 02/CO2 Transport Inhibit Increase Chloride Shift Carbonic Acid Oxygen is transported from the Tissues Decrease oxygen. Plasma Carbonic Anhydrase to the in one of two ways: by binding to hemoglobin, creating. (HbO2), or by dissolving in plasma. Since oxygen has poor solubility in water, most oxygen molecules are transported via As oxygen leaves the lungs and enters the red blood cells, it binds to a hemoglobin (HHb) molecule which consequently forms Oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) and releases a hydrogen ion (H+), which will pH. An increase in H+ the unloading of oxygen from the blood to the Lungs Oxyhemoglobin Red Blood Cell(s) Bicarbonate to the (HbCO2), or as Carbon dioxide is transported from the dissolved in plasma, binding to hemoglobin as plasma. The process of carbon dioxide converting into…arrow_forward1) Construct a figure that shows how most molecules of CO2 gas is stored in the blood. 2) For each of the steps in your figure above: Describe what is happening in a sentence. 3) Answer the following in a brief sentece: Why does the body store CO2 this way instead of just transporting the gas dissolved in a liquid.arrow_forwardNeither O2 or CO2 are highly soluble is the aqueous environment that surrounds all cells. Mammals have developed hemoglobin to bind oxygen to greatly increase the amount of oxygen gas that can be carried in blood. How is the majority of carbon dioxide transported in the blood? O Carbon dioxide is produced at such a low level that it can be transported as the gas. O The majority of carbon dioxide binds to amino acids of hemoglobin O The majority of carbon dioxide is bond to specific carbon dioxide-binding proteins in blood. O The majority of carbon dioxide combines with water to form bicarbonate which is soluble in water.arrow_forward
- A crocodile, which can remain underwater without breathing for up to 1 hour drowns its air-breathing prey, then dines at its leisure. An adaptation that aids the crocodile in doing so is that it can utilize virtually 100% of the O2 in its blood whereas humans, for example, can only extract about 65% of the O2 in their blood. Crocodile Hb does not bind BPG. However, crocodile deoxyHb preferentially binds HCO3-. How does this help the crocodile obtain its dinner? Please help explain why/if this is the answer, thank you! As CO2 concentrations increase so will the concentration of HCO3-. The HCO3- preferentially binds to the crocodile's deoxyhemoglobin, which allosterically prompts the hemoglobin to assume the deoxy conformation and thus release its O2.arrow_forwardPart C - Exploring the cooperative binding of oxygen Oxygen shows cooperative binding to hemoglobin. Cooperative binding has the following effects on the binding and release of oxygen: Oxygen binding to hemoglobin: When one molecule of oxygen binds to one of hemoglobin's four subunits, the other subunits change shape slightly, increasing their affinity for oxygen. Oxygen release from hemoglobin: When four oxygen molecules are bound to hemoglobin's subunits and one subunit releases its oxygen, the other three subunits change shape again. This causes them to release their oxygen more readily. These two graphs show how cooperative binding differs from a hypothetical situation where binding is not cooperative. • The x-axis shows the partial pressure of oxygen (PO₂). This is a measure of the amount of oxygen present in a tissue. The blue arrows on the x-axis show the partial pressure of oxygen in various tissues of the body. • The y-axis shows the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (O₂…arrow_forwardDiagram the four basic steps of O2 transport from an animal’srespiratory medium (air or water) to its cells.arrow_forward
- What is the effect of pH on the binding of oxygen to hemoglobin (the Bohr Effect)? What happens to the percent saturation as a function of pO2 graph as a result of pH change (include graph)? Why is there a pH difference in tissues versus the lungs? Briefly describe how the Bohr Effect contributes to oxygen transport to the tissues.arrow_forwardThe center solid curve represents the oxygen dissociation of hemoglobin, pH, Oxyhaemoglobin (% Saturation) concentration, and an increase in concentration of 2,3 bisphosphoglycerate. 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 I represents the curve at a decreased CO2 represents this curve at a reduced A B represents the curve with 1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100arrow_forwardwhich of adult haemoglobin or foetal haemoglobin will have a lower P50 value for binding O2. Be sure to define the term P50 and mention at a molecular level what interactions and structure differences are contribute to the observed values.arrow_forward
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